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This study aims to assess the impact of adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on the behavioural problems of children at the age of 4. A total of 231 mother\u2010child pairs were assessed. Maternal adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy was estimated using a relative Mediterranean Diet Score (rMED). Behavioural outcomes were evaluated through the Child Behaviour Checklist 1\u00bd\u2212\u22125, Teacher's Report Form 1\u00bd\u22125, and Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function\u2014Preschool Version questionnaires. The results indicated that a higher rMED score during pregnancy was associated with a reduced probability of obtaining a clinical score for total problems (OR\u2009=\u20090.42; 95%\u00a0IC from 0.21 to 0.85), including externalising (OR\u2009=\u20090.29; 95%\u00a0IC from 0.14 to 0.62), attention problems (OR\u2009=\u20090.32; 95%IC from 0.15 to 0.70), attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity problems (OR\u2009=\u20090.36; 95%\u00a0IC from 0.15 to 0.87), oppositional defiant problems (OR\u2009=\u20090.06; 95%\u00a0IC from 0.06 to 0.75), and depressive problems (OR\u2009=\u20090.38; 95%\u00a0IC from 0.15 to 0.96). This study highlights the importance of maternal diet, especially Mediterranean diet, during gestation for proper child development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T13:55:01Z","timestamp":1720706101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and behavioural problems at 4 years of age"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8593-9401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Cendra\u2010Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group Reus Spain"},{"name":"Collaborative Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Tobacco (CENIT) Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 en Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria IDIAP Jordi Gol.\u00a0Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut (ICS) Reus Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6209-9558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josefa","family":"Canals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group Reus Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV) Tarragona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology,\u00a0Centre de Recerca en Avaluaci\u00f3 i Mesura de la Conducta (CRAMC) Tarragona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7131-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Iglesias\u2010V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group Reus Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV) Tarragona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Jard\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group Reus Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV) Tarragona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0359-3588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Mart\u00edn\u2010Luj\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Tobacco (CENIT) Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 en Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria IDIAP Jordi Gol.\u00a0Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut (ICS) Reus Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV) Tarragona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 en Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria IDIAP Jordi Gol.\u00a0Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut (ICS) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1758-0975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Arija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group Reus Spain"},{"name":"Collaborative Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Tobacco (CENIT) Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 en Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria IDIAP Jordi Gol.\u00a0Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut (ICS) Reus Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV) Tarragona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 en Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria IDIAP Jordi Gol.\u00a0Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut (ICS) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Achenbach T. 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