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This has heightened the risk for nutrition\u2010related non\u2010communicable diseases, including dental caries and overweight\/obesity, and promotes poor food choices later in life. The present study used a cross\u2010sectional design to investigate the consumption frequency of ultra\u2010processed foods and beverages among urban 6\u2010 to 36\u2010month\u2010olds attending four selected health facilities in Kampala using a standardised questionnaire and 24\u2010h diet recall record. The primary outcome was the consumption of at least one ultra\u2010processed food or beverage (UPFB) the previous day, and frequency of UPFB consumption of the week before was the secondary outcome. Four hundred and ten caregiver\u2013child pairs were randomly recruited, 94% of caregivers being mothers with a mean age of 30.7 (\u00b15.3) years. Fifty\u2010nine per cent of mothers and 73% of fathers had attained a college education. The median age of children was 18 months and 51% were female. Most children (57%) consumed at least one UPFB the previous day. In the week before, 69% had consumed UPFB frequently (4\u20137 days) which was significantly positively associated with maternal education (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20092.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02\u20137.96, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045) and child's age ([OR\u2009=\u20092.87, 95% CI: 1.62\u20135.08, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], [OR\u2009=\u20093.68, 95% CI: 1.88\u20137.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001]). In conclusion, the dietary habits of the surveyed Ugandan population were unhealthy, characterised by the frequent consumption of UPFB with added sugar. There is an urgent need to re\u2010enforce existing Ugandan food regulation guidelines and policies and to build strong nutritional education programmes to enhance health\u2010promoting environments in early childhood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T08:42:19Z","timestamp":1725612139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Consumption frequency of ultra\u2010processed foods and beverages among 6\u2010 to 36\u2010month\u2010olds in Kampala, Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3493-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Mwesigwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry University of the Western Cape Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudeshni","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry University of the Western Cape Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17477166.2010.543683"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2021.1892307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics. 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