{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T03:20:25Z","timestamp":1772680825224,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nutrition and the home environment contribute to the development of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, no study has examined the long\u2010term effects of prenatal and postnatal small\u2010quantity lipid\u2010based nutrient supplements (SQ\u2010LNS) and home environment on ANS regulation. We investigated the effect of early\u2010life SQ\u2010LNS and home environment on ANS regulation at 9\u201311 years. Participants were children born to women who participated in a randomized controlled trial in Ghana from 2009 to 2014. Women were randomized to receive daily, from pregnancy until delivery, either SQ\u2010LNS, multiple micronutrients (MMN) or iron and folic acid (IFA) followed by SQ\u2010LNS, MMN or placebo, respectively, until 6 months postpartum. Infants in the SQ\u2010LNS group received SQ\u2010LNS from 6 to 18 months. Quality of home environment was observed at 4\u20136 and 9\u201311 years. At 9\u201311 years, 965 children had their respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and pre\u2010ejection period (PEP) measured at baseline and during two inhibitory control tasks, the RACER Simon and Emotion Go\/No\u2010Go (EGNG) tasks. PEP reactivity to the RACER Simon task was greater in the MMN (\u22122.54\u2009\u00b1\u20094.45, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016) and SQ\u2010LNS (\u22122.31\u2009\u00b1\u20094.94, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.093) groups than in the IFA group (\u22121.57\u2009\u00b1\u20093.51). A better home environment at 4\u20136 predicted longer baseline PEP (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.13, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.23, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016) and more PEP reactivity during the EGNG task (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.06, 95% CI: \u22120.00, \u22120.02, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). Prenatal micronutrient supplementation appears to increase SNS reactivity. Children raised in disadvantaged early home environments had more tonic SNS activation and less SNS reactivity, suggesting a predisposition for stronger fight\u2010or\u2010flight activation and less likelihood to modulate arousal in response to acute situations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00970866<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T12:54:53Z","timestamp":1734353693000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Early\u2010Life Lipid\u2010Based Nutrient Supplement and Home Environment on Autonomic Nervous System Regulation at 9\u201311 Years: A Follow\u2010Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2016-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lois M. D.","family":"Aryee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Adu\u2010Afarwuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5388-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda E.","family":"Guyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Ecology University of California Davis Davis California USA"},{"name":"Center for Mind and Brain University of California Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn G.","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Amponsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adom","family":"Manu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population, Family &amp; Reproductive Health, School of Public Health University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brietta M.","family":"Oaks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of Rhode Island Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8728-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena J.","family":"Bentil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Nti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Sports and Exercise Medical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatimah B.","family":"Ayete Labi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mavis O.","family":"Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebenezer","family":"Adjetey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Hastings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mind and Brain University of California Davis Davis California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of California Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.091546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.134692"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104734"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3182331fa6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2013.0063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr4003_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.4263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/53652"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caldwell B. M. andR. H.Bradley.2003.Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment: Administration Manual. Family & Human Dynamics Research Institute Arizona State University.","DOI":"10.1037\/t05556-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.128843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.721605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.116327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31802b91ea"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/50073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2017.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745499919829217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.614S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21608"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"Grossman B. G.1995. \u201cA Review of the Middle Childhood Home Inventory.\u201d Paper Presented at Annual Meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association Dallas Texas.https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED380510.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-17332-6_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2017.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-017-0305-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.6.1539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665108006083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0155-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2018.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30354-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511006799"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2020.112806"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0466-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.09.543"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.3.704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579421000912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDS.S274646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab276"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21926"}],"container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mcn.13789","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T08:38:05Z","timestamp":1746434285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mcn.13789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mcn.13789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.13789","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-8695","1740-8709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-8695","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13789"}}