{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:09:13Z","timestamp":1790863753536,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp;amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Bangladesh, anaemia is estimated to affect 52% of children 6\u201359 months, with the youngest children (6\u201323 months) experiencing the highest levels of anaemia (71%). Micronutrient powders (MNPs) are designed to increase micronutrient intake in young children; however, in some settings, the prevalence of anaemia may remain elevated despite the high coverage of MNPs. In a secondary analysis of the Zinc in Powders trial (ZiPT), we identified risk factors that were associated with anaemia among Bangladeshi children 9\u201311 months of age who received standard 15\u2010component MNPs, including 10\u2009mg of iron, daily for 24 weeks. At enrolment, socio\u2010demographic characteristics were collected. Morbidity symptoms were assessed on a semi\u2010weekly basis. Haemoglobin (measured via single\u2010drop capillary blood using Hemocue 301+) and child anthropometry were assessed at enrolment and endline (24 weeks). Risk factors for anaemia at endline (24 weeks) were identified using minimally adjusted (age and sex) logistic regression models. Multivariate models were subsequently constructed, controlling for age, sex and significant risk factors. Of the 481 children randomized to the MNP arm, 442 completed the trial and had haemoglobin data available at endline. Anaemia (haemoglobin &lt;\u200910.5\u2009g\/dL) prevalence declined from 54.1% at baseline to 32.6% at endline. In minimally adjusted models, season of enrolment, underweight at enrolment, asset score, hygiene score and frequent morbidity symptoms were associated with the odds of anaemia at endline. However, some factors lost statistical significance in multivariate models. MNPs are an important tool for anaemia prevention; however, they should be part of an integrated approach for anaemia control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T20:11:31Z","timestamp":1739218291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predictors of Anaemia Among Young Children Receiving Daily Micronutrient Powders (MNPs) for 24 Weeks in Bangladesh: A Secondary Analysis of the Zinc in Powders Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4325-2788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology University of California Davis California USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology University of California Davis California USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Peerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8784-8554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie M.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0549-3145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie L. E.","family":"Westcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8780-8760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Munirul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5652-7547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy F.","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1231-9003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine M.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of California San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62304-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00030-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coates J. A.Swindale andP.Bilinsky.2007.Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Food Access: Indicator Guide: Version 3.","DOI":"10.1037\/e576842013-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009666.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.182527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00357.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.142323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-017-2366-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00160-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2012.1003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2024.100290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.182527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03597-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265040251S105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60437-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(22)00367-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(22)00084-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008959.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02716-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2001.Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment Prevention and Control: A Guide for Programme Managers."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","volume-title":"WHO Guideline: Use of Multiple Micronutrient Powders for Point\u2010of\u2010Use Fortification of Foods Consumed by Infants and Young Children Aged 6\u201323 Months and Children Aged 2\u201312 Years","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2017.Nutritional Anaemias: Tools for Effective Prevention and Control.https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/259425\/9789241513067-eng.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2024a.Guideline on Haemoglobin Cutoffs to Define Anaemia in Individuals and Populations.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240088542."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2024b.WHO Global Anaemia Estimates 2021 Edition.https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/topics\/anaemia_in_women_and_children."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1581-9"}],"container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mcn.13806","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T05:05:19Z","timestamp":1756530319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mcn.13806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mcn.13806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.13806","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-8695","1740-8709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-8695","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13806"}}