{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T05:40:11Z","timestamp":1756532411977,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp;amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of maternal factors on the size of HIV\u2010exposed\u2010uninfected (HEU) infants and breast milk composition is poorly understood. Anthropometry, bio\u2010electrical impedance, haemoglobin and HIV viral load data of women living with HIV (WLWH) and without HIV (WLWOH) were compared and related to their infants' anthropometric Z\u2010scores and breast milk macronutrients 6 weeks and 6 months postnatally. At both time points, WLWH (6\u2010week: <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u200983; 6\u2010month: <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u200963) had lower reactance (measure of body cell mass) (6\u2010week: <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.016; 6\u2010month: <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.001), phase angle (PhA) (measure of cell health) (6\u2010week: <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.001; 6\u2010month: <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.002) and haemoglobin (6\u2010week: <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.002; 6\u2010month: <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.004) than WLWOH (6\u2010week: <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u200990; 6\u2010month: <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u200973). HEU infants had lower weight\u2010for\u2010age Z\u2010scores (WAZ) (6\u2010week: <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.010; 6\u2010month: <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.005). Breast milk composition did not differ between groups. At 6 weeks, HEU infants had lower head circumference\u2010for\u2010age Z\u2010scores (HCAZ) (<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.014). Bivariate regression demonstrated maternal HIV predicted lower infant WAZ (\u00df\u2009=\u2009\u22120.442; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.011) and HCAZ (\u00df\u2009=\u2009\u22120.445; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.014). Maternal body mass index (BMI) and mid\u2010upper arm circumference were positively associated with breast milk protein content (\u00df\u2009=\u20090.018; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.014 and \u00df\u2009=\u20090.025; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.002, respectively). At 6 months (bivariate regression) maternal HIV predicted lower infant WAZ (\u00df\u2009=\u2009\u22120.609; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.005) and length\u2010for\u2010age Z\u2010scores (\u00df\u2009=\u2009\u22120.741; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.018). Higher maternal BMI and PhA were associated with higher infant WAZ (\u00df\u2009=\u20090.622; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.015 and \u00df\u2009=\u20090.055; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.017, respectively). On multivariable analysis, maternal HIV remained a predictor of lower WAZ (\u00df\u2009=\u2009\u22120.568; <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.024). In conclusion, maternal HIV infection and phenotype predict the size of infants and breast milk composition up to 6 months postnatally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T16:36:51Z","timestamp":1739205411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal Phenotype, Infant Size and Breast Milk Composition in Women Living With HIV"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9514-7368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene","family":"Gilfillan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Gauteng Department of Health Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Research Centre for Maternal, Fetal, Newborn and Child Health Care Strategies, Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Unit, South African Medical Research Council Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1140-5065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friedeburg. 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