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Weight\u2010for\u2010age z\u2010score (WAZ) reflects both ponderal and linear growth and can identify children at high mortality risk. Using data from a prospective cohort of 326 mother\u2010child pairs in Kenya, we evaluated whether associations between maternal exposures and child growth outcomes in early and later childhood. Growth trajectories were examined using locally weighted scatterplot smoothing and piecewise linear mixed\u2010effect models with a knot at age 3 months. Poisson regression models examined associations between maternal characteristics and child underweight (WAZ\u2009&lt;\u2009\u22122) and stunting (LAZ\u2009&lt;\u2009\u22122) before and after 3 months. Mean WAZ increased to a peak at 3 months before declining steadily through 24 months. Lower maternal education (adjusted \u03b2 [a\u03b2] \u22120.18; 95% CI: \u22120.24, \u22120.13), household crowding (a\u03b2 \u22120.2; 95% CI: \u22120.28, \u22120.11), lower wealth quintile (a\u03b2 \u22120.04; 95% CI: \u22120.06, \u22120.02) and multiparity (a\u03b2 \u22120.16; 95% CI: \u22120.23, \u22120.1) were associated with lower monthly rate of change in WAZ prior to age 3 months. Younger maternal age was associated with an increased monthly rate of change in WAZ (a\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.13; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.18) before 3 months and decreased monthly WAZ (a\u03b2 \u22120.02; 95% CI: \u22120.03, \u22120.01) after 3 months. Preterm birth was associated with increased risk of underweight in both periods (aRR 2.77; 95% CI: 1.39\u20135.50). Maternal mental health, intimate partner violence and adverse childhood experiences were not significantly associated with child growth. Maternal nutritional, socio\u2010economic and household\u2010level factors shape early growth, emphasising the need for cross\u2010sectoral programs to support growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.70195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T06:05:26Z","timestamp":1778825126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal Health and Sociodemographic Characteristics Influence Infant Growth to 24 Months in the Tunza Mwana Cohort: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"David Taylor","family":"Hendrixson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5251-7250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruchi","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Nutrition Network Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0637-599X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zulfiqar A.","family":"Bhutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Child Health Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health &amp; Development The Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Briend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Child Health Research Tampere University Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Isanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Epicentre Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Khara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Nutrition Network Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Lelijveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Nutrition Network Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Manary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1050-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Mertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kings College London London UK"},{"name":"Medical Research Unit the Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Fajara The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieran S.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation University of California San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (ICH) University College London (UCL) London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscah","family":"Lihanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Ochola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Aldrovandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benson 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