{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:45:58Z","timestamp":1792057558966,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp;amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the role of early\u2010life nutrition supplementation in regulating the development of hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal (HPA) axis activity, as evidenced by hair cortisol concentration (HCC), in the iLiNS\u2010DYAD randomized controlled trial in Ghana. Pregnant women were randomized to one of three conditions: (1) iron and folic acid (IFA) during pregnancy and placebo 0\u20106 mo postpartum; (2) multiple micronutrients (MMN) during pregnancy and 0\u20136 mo postpartum; or (3) small\u2010quantity lipid\u2010based nutrient supplements (SQ\u2010LNS) during pregnancy and 0\u20136 mo postpartum and for their children from 6 to 18 mo. At 9\u201311\u2009y of age, usable hair samples were obtained from 680 children from which cortisol was assayed. ANCOVA models assessed differences between groups and potential effect modifiers, including maternal education, household asset index, pre\u2010pregnancy BMI, child sex, child BMI, and pubertal stage. HCC did not differ between SQ\u2010LNS and control groups in adjusted and unadjusted models (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.10), but maternal education was a significant effect modifier (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010interaction\u2009=\u20090.043). Children exposed to SQ\u2010LNS had lower HCC than control children among those whose mothers had 0\u20135 years schooling (Median (interquartile range): 6.3 (4.8, 9.9) vs. 7.8 (5.3, 9.9);\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.031) but not among those whose mothers had &gt;\u20095 years of schooling (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.949). No other interactions were significant. Although these findings should be viewed with caution, they suggest that early\u2010life SQ\u2010LNS may buffer physiological stress in children of less educated mothers, highlighting its potential to compensate for socioeconomic disadvantage with regard to HPA axis regulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Clinical Trial Registry number and website: clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00970866\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/record\/NCT00970866\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/record\/NCT00970866<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.70197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T05:29:34Z","timestamp":1779427774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Small\u2010Quantity Lipid\u2010Based Nutrient Supplementation on Children's Cortisol Concentration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9495-4477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Nti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Hastings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mind and Brain University of California Davis Davis California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of California Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Adu\u2010Afarwuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebenezer","family":"Adjetey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Amponsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2016-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lois M. D.","family":"Aryee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatimah B.","family":"Ayete Labi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8728-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena J.","family":"Bentil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn G.","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda E.","family":"Guyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mind and Brain University of California Davis Davis California USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Ecology University of California Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adom","family":"Manu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mavis O.","family":"Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Shirtcliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuping","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brietta M.","family":"Oaks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.091546"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.134692"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.242909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0950115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2014.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1598\/RRQ.41.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Caldwell B. 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