{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:45:55Z","timestamp":1792057555841,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP 1150161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP 1150161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012107","name":"Waterloo Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2757\u20105391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2757\u20105391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012107","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp;amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bangladesh continues to experience high levels of child undernutrition, with stunting affecting approximately 24% of children under 5 years of age. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a subclinical intestinal disorder characterized by chronic inflammation, immune activation, and nutrient malabsorption, may reduce the effectiveness of nutritional interventions. Identifying factors that may enhance resilience to EED could guide intervention design. This study measured two biomarkers of EED, fecal calprotectin (CAL) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), among 160 Bangladeshi children 9\u201311 months of age and assessed associations between these biomarkers and indicators of child growth, micronutrient status, and inflammation using multivariate logistic regression. Outcomes were defined as CAL, MPO, or both biomarkers below the 25th percentile. CAL (&gt;\u2009160\u2009\u00b5g\/g) and MPO (&gt;\u20092000\u2009ng\/mL) were elevated in over 90% and 70% of children, respectively, indicating widespread intestinal inflammation. In multivariable models, higher mid\u2010upper arm circumference\u2010for\u2010age Z\u2010scores (MUAC\u2010Z) were associated with lower CAL (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.04\u20132.18) and combined low CAL and MPO values (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.06\u20132.81). Higher retinol\u2010binding protein (RBP) was strongly associated with lower MPO (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.28\u201318.83), while lower \u03b1\u20101\u2010acid glycoprotein (AGP) levels were associated with lower MPO values (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.27\u20131.04). Better ponderal growth, adequate vitamin A status, and lower systemic inflammation characterized children with lower concentrations of EED biomarkers. Reducing the burden of EED may help to enhance the effectiveness of nutrition interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.70237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:27:21Z","timestamp":1788254841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Correlates of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Among Young Children in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie L. E.","family":"Westcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahvia Alam","family":"Sthity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afsana Mim","family":"Khandaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Munirul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy F.","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Nutrition University of California Davis California USA"},{"name":"International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of California San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.2.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517003683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2018.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coates J. 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