{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:50:21Z","timestamp":1792054221056,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72DFFP19CA00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72DFFP19CA00003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp;amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Child wasting remains a global public health challenge, with persistently high levels in dryland regions such as Turkana and Samburu Counties in Kenya. Food scarcity is linked to spikes in wasting prevalence in these counties, but little is known about women's lived experiences of food insecurity and how they perceive its relationship to child wasting. A total of 126 women across diverse livelihood zones in Turkana and Samburu Counties participated in a photovoice activity as part of the Nawiri mixed\u2010methods longitudinal study. The women took photos based on four prompts related to food security and discussed their photos in groups of six. Transcripts of the discussions were analyzed thematically. In both counties, most households relied on local markets, shops, and kiosks for food. Diets were dominated by maize year\u2010round but included wheat products, meat, a limited number of vegetables, and milk in times of plenty. During dry periods, households coped with food insecurity by adding liquids to stretch food, reducing the number of meals per day, and consuming wild fruits. This partially addressed hunger, but participants said that lack of food and poor\u2010quality food contributed to child wasting. Barriers to food security included low and unreliable incomes, issues related to shops (i.e., limited types\u00a0of food, frequent stockouts, short opening hours, and distance from communities), high food prices, and lack of transport. Participants highlighted the need to increase the availability of fruits and vegetables\u00a0in shops. The Nawiri program used these findings to adapt multisectoral activities to address these challenges and decrease wasting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.70247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:37:55Z","timestamp":1792053475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feeding Young Children in Food Insecure Environments: A Photovoice Study in Kenya's Drylands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Monica Nthamba","family":"Ng'ang'a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0268-1669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Anono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazel","family":"Odhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1866-3905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estelle M.","family":"Sidze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7019-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faith","family":"Thuita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Public &amp; Global Health University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6606-6534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calistus","family":"Wilunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5261-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dickson","family":"Amugsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonventure","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Muendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Sipalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0234-0618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Ebei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercy Corps Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chessa K.","family":"Lutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4780-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Webale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresia","family":"Macharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Rescue Committee Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5272-616X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Kimani\u2010Murage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0200-3355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie L.","family":"Flax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.70036","article-title":"Factors Influencing Wasting in Children Under 5 in Arid Regions of Kenya","volume":"22","author":"Amugsi D. A.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Maternal & Child Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18200-x","article-title":"Using Photovoice to Generate Solutions to Improve Food Security Among Families Living in Remote Aboriginal and\/or Torres Strait Islander Communities in Australia","volume":"24","author":"Chappell E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2016.1262613","article-title":"Thematic Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Clarke V.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.5.1438S","article-title":"Commonalities in the Experience of Household Food Insecurity Across Cultures: What Are Measures Missing?","volume":"136","author":"Coates J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization & World Food Program.2010.The State of Food Insecurity in the World: Addressing Food Insecurity in Protracted Crises. Retrieved from Rome Italy:https:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/013\/i1683e\/i1683e.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1177\/03795721231178065","article-title":"High Non\u2010affordability of Diets and Malnutrition in Africa's Drylands: Systems Analysis to Guide Action","volume":"44","author":"Hobbs N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"The Effects of Droughts on Food Security in Kenya","volume":"2","author":"Huho J. M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"IPC Global Partners.2021. \u201cIntegrated Food Security Phase Classification Technical Manual Version 3.1. 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M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Translational Behavioral Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Kenya Ministry of Health.2024. \u201cKenya Nutrition Situation Overview.\u201dwww.nutritionhealth.or.ke."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.2024. \u201cThe Kenya Poverty Report.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"1680","article-title":"The Use of Photovoice to Document and Characterize the Food Security of Users of Community Food Program in Iqaluit, Nunavut","volume":"11","author":"Lardeau M.\u2010P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Electronic Journal of Rural and Remote Health Research, Education, Practice and Policy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406918757631","article-title":"Thinking Critically About Photovoice: Achieving Empowerment and Social Change","volume":"17","author":"Liebenberg L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lutta A. C.Mungo A.Kehbila E.Sunguti andP.Osano.2023. \u201cClimate Change Impacts Adaptation Options and Opportunities for Investment in Agro\u2010pastoral Value Chains in Arid and Semi\u2010Arid Regions of Kenya.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.51414\/sei2023.065.","DOI":"10.51414\/sei2023.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Maitra C.2018. \u201cA Review of Studies Examining the Link between Food Insecurity and Malnutrition.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2016.1170184","article-title":"Participatory Visual Methodologies in Global Public Health","volume":"11","author":"Mitchell C. M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Global Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Odhiambo H. A. E. M.Sidze F.Thuita et al. (under review). \u201cCommunity Perceptions of Drivers of Acute Malnutrition Among Children in Northern Kenya.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2023.1113771","article-title":"Diversity and Utilization of Indigenous Wild Edible Plants and Their Contribution to Food Security in Turkana County, Kenya","volume":"7","author":"Oduor F. O.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.24022.1","article-title":"Application of Photovoice as a Participatory Visual Methodology to Document the Realities and Experiences With the Right to Food and Food Security Among the Urban Poor in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"10","author":"Osogo D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2024.1607043","article-title":"Experiences of Food Insecurity Among Pregnant Adolescents and Adolescent Mothers in Ghana: A Photovoice Method","volume":"69","author":"Posey I.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"Pastoralism, Uncertainty and Development","author":"Scoones I.","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/20530196211007512","article-title":"Food Security Among Dryland Pastoralists and Agropastoralists: The Climate, Land\u2010Use Change, and Population Dynamics Nexus","volume":"9","author":"Stavi I.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anthropocene Review"},{"issue":"25","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.1177\/03795721231178344","article-title":"Seasonality of Acute Malnutrition in African Drylands: Evidence From 15 Years of Smart Surveys","volume":"44","author":"Venkat A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.1999.8.185","article-title":"Photovoice: A Participatory Action Research Strategy Applied to Women's Health","volume":"8","author":"Wang C. C.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Women's Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1177\/109019819702400309","article-title":"Photovoice: Concept, Methodology, and Use for Participatory Needs Assessment","volume":"24","author":"Wang C.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Health Education & Behaviour: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13744","article-title":"Examining the Complex Dynamics Influencing Acute Malnutrition in Turkana and Samburu Counties: Study Protocol","volume":"22","author":"Wilunda C.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Maternal & Child Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.70190","article-title":"Dietary Patterns and Predictors of Food Insecurity and Poor Diet Among Children Less Than 5 Years in the Arid and Semi\u2010Arid Region of Kenya: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"22","author":"Wilunda C.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Maternal & Child Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Improving the Way We Address Acute Malnutrition in Africa's Drylands","volume":"65","author":"Young H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Field Exchange"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"Young H. andA.Marshak.2018. \u201cPersistent Global Acute Malnutrition: A Discussion Paper on the Scope of the Problem Its Drivers and Recommendations for Policy Practice and Research.\u201dhttps:\/\/fic.tufts.edu\/publication-item\/persistent-global-acute-malnutrition-discussion-paper\/."}],"container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mcn.70247","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mcn.70247","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mcn.70247","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:37:59Z","timestamp":1792053479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mcn.70247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mcn.70247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.70247","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-8695","1740-8709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-8695","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70247"}}