{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:40:05Z","timestamp":1789717205338,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]],"date-time":"2013-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":895,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Bartonella quintana<\/jats:italic> is a bacterium that causes a broad spectrum of diseases in humans including trench fever. Humans were previously considered to be the primary, if not the only, reservoir hosts for <jats:italic>B.\u00a0quintana<\/jats:italic>. To identify the animal reservoir and extend our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary history of <jats:italic>B.\u00a0quintana<\/jats:italic>, we examined blood samples from macaques and performed multilocus sequence typing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLST<\/jats:styled-content>) analysis. We demonstrated the prevalence of <jats:italic>B.\u00a0quintana<\/jats:italic> infection was common in macaques from main primate centres in mainland <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hina. Overall, 18.0% (59\/328) of rhesus macaques and 12.7% (39\/308) of cynomolgus macaques were found to be infected with <jats:italic>B.\u00a0quintana<\/jats:italic> by blood culture and\/or polymerase chain reaction. The infection was more frequently identified in juvenile and young monkeys compared with adult animals. In contrast with the relatively low level of sequence divergence of <jats:italic>B.\u00a0quintana<\/jats:italic> reported in humans, our investigation revealed much higher genetic diversity in nonhuman primates. We identified 44 new nucleotide variable sites and 14 novel sequence types (STs) among the <jats:italic>B.\u00a0quintana<\/jats:italic> isolates by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLST<\/jats:styled-content> analysis. Some STs were found only in cynomolgus macaques, while some others were detected only in rhesus macaques, suggesting evidence of host\u2010cospeciation, which were further confirmed by phylogenetic analysis and Splits decomposition analysis. Our findings suggest that trench fever may primarily be a zoonotic disease with macaques as the natural hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]],"date-time":"2013-03-20T15:29:24Z","timestamp":1363793364000},"page":"2118-2127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Genetic diversity of <i>Bartonella quintana<\/i> in macaques suggests zoonotic origin of trench fever"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie\u2010Ying","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing People's Republic 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