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Many seed plants exhibit a defence trade\u2010off against chewing herbivorous insects and leaf\u2010colonizing (\u2018phyllosphere\u2019) bacteria, which arises from cross\u2010talk between the phytohormones jasmonic acid (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , induced by many herbivores) and salicylic acid (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , induced by many bacteria). This cross\u2010talk may promote reciprocal susceptibility in plants between phyllosphere bacteria and insect herbivores. In a population of native bittercress (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ardamine cordifolia\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , Brassicaceae), we tested whether simulating prior damage with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    or\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    treatment induced resistance or susceptibility (respectively) to chewing herbivores. In parallel, we conducted culture\u2010dependent surveys of phyllosphere bacteria to test the hypothesis that damage by chewing herbivores correlates positively with bacterial abundance in leaves. Finally, we tested whether bacterial infection induced susceptibility to herbivory by a major chewing herbivore of bittercress,\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      captomyza nigrita\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    rosophilidae). Overall, our results suggest that reciprocal susceptibility to herbivory and microbial attack occurs in bittercress. We found that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    treatment reduced and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    treatment increased\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u00a0nigrita<\/jats:italic>\n                    herbivory in bittercress in the field. Bacterial abundance was higher in herbivore\u2010damaged vs. undamaged leaves (especially\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      seudomonas syringae\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ). However,\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      edobacter\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      seudomonas fluorescens\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    infections were negatively associated with herbivory. Experimental\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      seudomonas\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. infections increased\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\u00a0nigrita\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    herbivory in bittercress. Thus, plant defence signalling trade\u2010offs can have important ecological consequences in nature that may be reflected in a positive correlation between herbivory and phyllosphere bacterial abundance and diversity. Importantly, the strength and direction of this association varies within and among prevalent bacterial groups.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,3]],"date-time":"2014-01-03T04:14:45Z","timestamp":1388722485000},"page":"1497-1515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Diversity and abundance of phyllosphere bacteria are linked to insect herbivory"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Parris T.","family":"Humphrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trang T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha M.","family":"Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah K.","family":"Whiteman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Image processing with ImageJ","volume":"11","author":"Abr\u00e0moff MD","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophotonics International"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1225977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2012.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-013-2621-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120242"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061337"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12096"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056329"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2010.04200.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-050312-120106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171663"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002480000087"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308867110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503059102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/81.5.733"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Scaptomyza nigrita Wheeler (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a leaf miner of the native crucifer, Cardamine cordifolia A. 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