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Because those <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content> infections that are pathogenic have been shown to induce changes in the host's gut microbiome, monitoring the microbiota present in faecal samples can provide a noninvasive means for studying the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection on the health of wild\u2010living primates. Here, we examine the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content>gor, a close relative of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content>cpz of chimpanzees and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 of humans, on the gut bacterial communities residing within wild gorillas, revealing that gorilla gut microbiomes are exceptionally robust to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. In contrast to the microbiomes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u2010infected humans and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content>cpz\u2010infected chimpanzees, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content>gor\u2010infected gorilla microbiomes exhibit neither rises in the frequencies of opportunistic pathogens nor elevated rates of microbial turnover within individual hosts. Regardless of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection status, gorilla microbiomes assort into enterotypes, one of which is compositionally analogous to those identified in humans and chimpanzees. The other gorilla enterotype appears specialized for a leaf\u2010based diet and is enriched in environmentally derived bacterial genera. We hypothesize that the acquisition of this gorilla\u2010specific enterotype was enabled by lowered immune system control over the composition of the microbiome. Our results indicate differences between the pathology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content>gor and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content>cpz\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 infections, demonstrating the utility of investigating host microbial ecology as a means for studying disease in wild primates of high conservation priority.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,29]],"date-time":"2014-12-29T13:33:32Z","timestamp":1419860012000},"page":"690-697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Stability of the gorilla microbiome despite simian immunodeficiency virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Moeller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven CT 06511 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMI233 TransVIHMI Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD) and Universit\u00e9 Montpellier Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahidjo","family":"Ayouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMI233 TransVIHMI Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD) and Universit\u00e9 Montpellier Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eitel Mpoudi","family":"Ngole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Projet Pr\u00e9vention du Sida au Cameroun (PRESICA) and CREMER\/IMPM\/IRD Virology Laboratory Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amadine","family":"Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMI233 TransVIHMI Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD) and Universit\u00e9 Montpellier Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice H.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perlman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Ochman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Biology University of Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 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