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Multiple male traits can be maintained through female mate choice if both traits are equally honest indicators of male quality, but tests of this prediction are rare. By choosing males based on such traits, females could gain direct benefits from males (assistance with parental care), but when females choose extra\u2010pair mates based on these traits, females gain only male sperm, and potentially indirect genetic benefits for their offspring. In common yellowthroats (<jats:italic>Geothylpis trichas<\/jats:italic>), female choice of extra\u2010pair mates targets two different plumage ornaments: the black mask in a Wisconsin population and the yellow bib in a New York population. Previously, we found that the black mask in Wisconsin is related to greater major histocompatibility complex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content>) class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> variation, which in turn signals better survival and disease resistance. In this study, we examined the signalling function of the yellow bib in New York to test whether it signals the same aspects of male quality as the black mask in Wisconsin. As predicted, we found that the yellow bib in New York is most closely associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> variation, which also signals survival and resistance to blood parasites. Thus, the ornament preferred by females differs between the two populations, but the different ornaments signal similar aspects of male health and genetic quality, specifically information regarding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHC<\/jats:styled-content> variation and potential indirect genetic benefits to females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]],"date-time":"2015-02-26T12:39:46Z","timestamp":1424954386000},"page":"1584-1595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Different ornaments signal male health and MHC variation in two populations of a warbler"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Linda A.","family":"Whittingham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee Milwaukee WI 53201 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