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When present, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XX<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XY<\/jats:styled-content> karyotypes trigger alternate regulatory cascades that determine sex\u2010specific gene expression profiles. In mammals, secretion of testosterone (T) by the testes during foetal development is the master switch influencing the gene expression pathways (male vs. female) that will be followed, but many genes have sex\u2010specific expression prior to T secretion. Environmental factors, like endocrine disruptors and mimics, can interfere with sexual development. However, sex\u2010specific ontogeny can be canalized by the production of epigenetic marks (epimarks) generated during early ontogeny that increase sensitivity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XY<\/jats:styled-content> embryos to T and decrease sensitivity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XX<\/jats:styled-content> embryos. Here, we integrate and synthesize the evidence indicating that canalizing epimarks are produced during early ontogeny. We will also describe the evidence that such epimarks sometimes carry over across generations and produce mosaicism in which some traits are discordant with the gonad. Such carryover epimarks are sexually antagonistic because they benefit the individual in which they were formed (via canalization) but harm opposite\u2010sex offspring when they fail to erase across generations and produce gonad\u2010trait discordances. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010epimarks have the potential to: i) magnify phenotypic variation for many sexually selected traits, ii) generate overlap along many dimensions of the masculinity\/femininity spectrum, and iii) influence medically important gonad\u2010trait discordances like cryptorchidism, hypospadias and idiopathic hirsutism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T13:46:46Z","timestamp":1448372806000},"page":"1812-1822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Sexually antagonistic epigenetic marks that canalize sexually dimorphic development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"William R.","family":"Rice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution &amp; Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urban","family":"Friberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFM Biology AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group Link\u00f6ping University SE\u2010581 83 Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Gavrilets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Mathematics National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1995.0126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400850600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.0489"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.3.524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BanovichNE LanX McVickerGet\u00a0al. 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