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In Alaska, three variants of the arctic rabies virus exist with distinct spatial distributions. We tested the hypothesis that rabies virus variant distribution corresponds to the population structure of the primary rabies hosts in Alaska, arctic foxes (<jats:italic>Vulpes lagopus<\/jats:italic>) and red foxes (<jats:italic>Vulpes vulpes<\/jats:italic>) to possibly distinguish reservoir and spillover hosts. We used mitochondrial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> (mt<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>) sequence and nine microsatellites to assess population structure in those two species. mt<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> structure did not correspond to rabies virus variant structure in either species. Microsatellite analyses gave varying results. Bayesian clustering found two groups of arctic foxes in the coastal tundra region, but for red foxes it identified tundra and boreal types. Spatial Bayesian clustering and spatial principal components analysis identified 3 and 4 groups of arctic foxes, respectively, closely matching the distribution of rabies virus variants in the state. Red foxes, conversely, showed eight clusters comprising two regions (boreal and tundra) with much admixture. These results run contrary to previous beliefs that arctic fox show no fine\u2010scale spatial population structure. While we cannot rule out that the red fox is part of the maintenance host community for rabies in Alaska, the distribution of virus variants appears to be driven primarily by the arctic fox. Therefore, we show that host population genetics can be utilized to distinguish between maintenance and spillover hosts when used in conjunction with other approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,10]],"date-time":"2015-12-10T07:25:56Z","timestamp":1449732356000},"page":"675-688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Population structure of two rabies hosts relative to the known distribution of rabies virus variants in Alaska"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth W.","family":"Goldsmith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks PO Box\u00a0756100 Fairbanks AK 99775 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Renshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks PO Box\u00a0756100 Fairbanks AK 99775 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks PO Box\u00a0756100 Fairbanks AK 99775 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Himschoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks PO Box\u00a0756100 Fairbanks AK 99775 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris J.","family":"Hundertmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks PO Box\u00a0756100 Fairbanks AK 99775 USA"},{"name":"Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks PO Box\u00a0757000 Fairbanks AK 99775 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Hueffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Alaska Fairbanks PO Box\u00a0755940 Fairbanks AK 99775 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Alaska Department of Fish & Game(2013)Rabies detected in new area of state. 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