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In particular, beetles are known to be associated with distinct bacterial communities and entomophilic nematodes. While entomopathogenic nematodes require symbiotic bacteria to kill and reproduce inside their insect hosts, the microbial ecology that facilitates other types of nematode\u2013insect associations is largely unknown. To illuminate detailed patterns of the tritrophic beetle\u2013nematode\u2013bacteria relationship, we surveyed the nematode infestation profiles of scarab beetles in the greater Los Angeles area over a five\u2010year period and found distinct nematode infestation patterns for certain beetle hosts. Over a single season, we characterized the bacterial communities of beetles and their associated nematodes using high\u2010throughput sequencing of the 16S <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rRNA<\/jats:styled-content> gene. We found significant differences in bacterial community composition among the five prevalent beetle host species, independent of geographical origin. Anaerobes <jats:italic>Synergistaceae<\/jats:italic> and sulphate\u2010reducing <jats:italic>Desulfovibrionaceae<\/jats:italic> were most abundant in <jats:italic>Amblonoxia<\/jats:italic> beetles, while <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic> were common in <jats:italic>Cyclocephala<\/jats:italic> beetles. Unlike entomopathogenic nematodes that carry bacterial symbionts, insect\u2010associated nematodes do not alter the beetles' native bacterial communities, nor do their microbiomes differ according to nematode or beetle host species. The conservation of Diplogastrid nematodes associations with <jats:italic>Melolonthinae<\/jats:italic> beetles and sulphate\u2010reducing bacteria suggests a possible link between beetle\u2013bacterial communities and their associated nematodes. Our results establish a starting point towards understanding the dynamic interactions between soil macroinvertebrates and their microbiota in a highly accessible urban environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,19]],"date-time":"2016-03-19T00:49:45Z","timestamp":1458348585000},"page":"2312-2324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The bacterial community of entomophilic nematodes and host beetles"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sneha L.","family":"Koneru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology California State University Northridge 18111 Nordhoff Street Northridge CA 91330\u20108303 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heilly","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology California State University Northridge 18111 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