{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:07:34Z","timestamp":1789193254570,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["135970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["135970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["140990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["273029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["273029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["252411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005781","name":"Koneen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["135970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["135970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["140990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["273029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["273029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["252411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005781","name":"Koneen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Waldemar von Frenckells Stiftelse"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ant supercolonies are the largest cooperative units known in nature. They consist of networks of interconnected nests with hundreds of reproductive queens, where individuals move freely between nests, cooperate across nest boundaries and show little aggression towards non\u2010nestmates. The combination of high queen numbers and free mixing of workers, queens and brood between nests results in extremely low nestmate relatedness. In such low\u2010relatedness societies, cooperative worker behaviour appears maladaptive because it may aid random individuals instead of relatives. Here, we provide a comprehensive picture of genetic substructure in supercolonies of the native wood ant<jats:italic>Formica aquilonia<\/jats:italic>using traditional population genetic as well as network analysis methods. Specifically, we test for spatial and temporal variation in genetic structure of different classes of individuals within supercolonies and analyse the role of worker movement in determining supercolony genetic networks. We find that relatedness within supercolonies is low but positive when viewed on a population level, which may be due to limited dispersal of individuals and\/or ecological factors such as nest site limitation and competition against conspecifics. Genetic structure of supercolonies varied with both sample class and sampling time point, which indicates that mobility of individuals varies according to both caste and season and suggests that generalizing has to be carried out with caution in studies of supercolonial species. Overall, our analysis provides novel evidence that native wood ant supercolonies exhibit fine\u2010scale genetic substructure, which may explain the maintenance of cooperation in these low\u2010relatedness societies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T09:08:12Z","timestamp":1479200892000},"page":"6196-6213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Genetic structure of native ant supercolonies varies in space and time"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Schultner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki Viikinkaari 1 Helsinki 00014 Finland"},{"name":"Tv\u00e4rminne Zoological Station J.A. Palm\u00e9nin tie 260 Hanko 10900 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Saram\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science Aalto University PO Box\u00a015400 Aalto 00076 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Helanter\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki Viikinkaari 1 Helsinki 00014 Finland"},{"name":"Tv\u00e4rminne Zoological Station J.A. Palm\u00e9nin tie 260 Hanko 10900 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arh025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.0295"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2007.01345.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Beziehungen zwischen N\u00e4hrzellkerngr\u00f6\u00dfe und Ausbildung ribonukleins\u00e4urehaltiger Strukturen in den Oocyten von Formica rufa rufo\u2010pratensis minor G\u00f6\u00dfwald","volume":"40","author":"Bier K","year":"1952","journal-title":"Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft Freiburg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Fast unfolding of communities in large networks","volume":"10008","author":"Blondel VD","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1994.0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199231157.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Social Evolution in Ants","author":"Bourke AFG","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1997.0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-75936-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.1996.00124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1997.tb02435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-013-1665-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-539"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v022.i04"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2007.03260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00040-013-0337-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138321"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/aru108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2009.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2008.04018.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092694199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2311.1992.tb01167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v022.i07"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02222948"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(01)02355-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-8286.2002.00152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(64)90038-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2004.02136.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2004.00614.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"The demise of the standard ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"11","author":"Heinze J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Myrmecological News"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00040-008-1019-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00439886"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1999.1329"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2006.01133.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-008-1101-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-69"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","unstructured":"JonesE OliphantE PetersonPet\u00a0al. (2001\u2013)SciPy: Open Source Scientific Tools for Python.http:\/\/www.scipy.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-006-9134-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.1991.9525359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12434"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12290"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2007.03514.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOIR.0000028575.28700.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2008.0276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00670.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","first-page":"611","article-title":"A comparison of monogyne and polygyne populations of the tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in Mexico","volume":"63","author":"MacKay WP","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2001.00283.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/43.1.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"298","article-title":"Network motif: simple building blocks of complex networks","volume":"824","author":"Milo R","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2003.00512.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.68.056110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610245104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","volume-title":"Die roten Waldameisen","author":"Otto D","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1982.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1993.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3544196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1994.1352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Genetic patchwork of network\u2010building wood ant populations","volume":"42","author":"Pamilo P","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annales Zoologici Fennici"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107261402.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/ars047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3546252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(92)90120-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01237667"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1989.tb04226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2007.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-004-0808-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2012.05492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Trail communication and directional recruitment to food in red wood ants (Formica)","volume":"24","author":"Rosengren R","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annales Zoologici Fennici"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198540571.003.0014","volume-title":"Queen Number and Sociality in Insects","author":"Rosengren R","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1988.tb01952.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805571105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3565636"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3566082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00378955"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/art067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00166710"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2009.01192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010038413690"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00172934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Genetic population structure and dispersal patterns in Formica ants\u2014a review","volume":"42","author":"Sundstr\u00f6m L","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annales Zoologici Fennici"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00614.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.100110397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-014-0584-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/683799"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3496865"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/433032a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00040-007-0909-x"}],"container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmec.13912","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmec.13912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.13912","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mec.13912","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.13912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T16:09:20Z","timestamp":1718899760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mec.13912"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mec.13912"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.13912","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1083","1365-294X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1083","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-294X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]]}}}