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Helmsley Charitable Trust"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007691","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Charles Darwin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The composition and diversity of bacteria forming the microbiome of parasitic organisms have implications for differential host pathogenicity and host\u2013parasite co\u2010evolutionary interactions. The microbiome of pathogens can therefore have consequences that are relevant for managing disease prevalence and impact on affected hosts. Here, we investigate the microbiome of an invasive parasitic fly <jats:italic>Philornis downsi<\/jats:italic>, recently introduced to the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, where it poses extinction threat to Darwin's finches and other land birds. Larvae infest nests of Darwin's finches and consume blood and tissue of developing nestlings, and have severe mortality impacts. Using 16s <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rRNA<\/jats:styled-content> sequencing data, we characterize the bacterial microbiota associated with <jats:italic>P.\u00a0downsi<\/jats:italic> adults and larvae sourced from four finch host species, inhabiting two islands and representing two ecologically distinct groups. We show that larval and adult microbiomes are dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, which significantly differ between life stages in their distributions. Additionally, bacterial community structure significantly differed between larvae retrieved from strictly insectivorous warbler finches (<jats:italic>Certhidea olivacea<\/jats:italic>) and those parasitizing hosts with broader dietary preferences (ground and tree finches, <jats:italic>Geospiza<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Camarhynchus<\/jats:italic> spp., respectively). Finally, we found no spatial effects on the larval microbiome, as larvae feeding on the same host (ground finches) harboured similar microbiomes across islands. Our results suggest that the microbiome of <jats:italic>P.\u00a0downsi<\/jats:italic> changes during its development, according to dietary composition or nutritional needs, and is significantly affected by host\u2010related factors during the larval stage. Unravelling the ecological significance of bacteria for this parasite will contribute to the development of novel, effective control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]],"date-time":"2017-06-30T11:34:30Z","timestamp":1498822470000},"page":"4644-4656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Host\u2010specific associations affect the microbiome of <i>Philornis downsi<\/i>, an introduced parasite to the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Ben\u2010Yosef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doron S. Y.","family":"Zaada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1854-6808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael Y.","family":"Dudaniec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zohar","family":"Pasternak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Jurkevitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renee J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Causton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Darwin Foundation Puerto Ayora Santa Cruz Island Gal\u00e1pagos Islands Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Piedad","family":"Lincango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Darwin Foundation Puerto Ayora Santa Cruz Island Gal\u00e1pagos Islands Ecuador"},{"name":"Facultad De Ciencias Agr\u00edcolas Universidad Central Del Ecuador Quito Pichincha Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanan S.","family":"Tobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Physics Arcadia University Glenside PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-3122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Kleindorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boaz","family":"Yuval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02761-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Insect symbiosis","author":"Behar A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2009.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-006-9173-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/saw102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/sav026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Causton C. Cunninghame F. &Tapia W.(2013).Management of the avian parasite Philornis downsi in the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands: A collaborative and strategic action plan. In:Gal\u00e1pagos Report 2011\u20132012. pp. 167\u2013173. GNPS GCREG CDF and GC. Puerto Ayora Gal\u00e1pagos Ecuador"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Causton C. E. &Lincango M. P.(2014).Review of chemical control methods for use against Philornis downsi in nests of threatened Gal\u00e1pagos birds with an in\u2010depth non\u2010target risk assessment of permethrin. Technical report No 1\u20102014. Charles Darwin Foundation for the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands. 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