{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:10:19Z","timestamp":1792509019039,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562198400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":350,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB\u20101026865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB\u20101026865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urban fragmentation can reduce gene flow that isolates populations, reduces genetic diversity and increases population differentiation, all of which have negative conservation implications. Alternatively, gene flow may actually be increased among urban areas consistent with an urban facilitation model. In fact, urban adapter pests are able to thrive in the urban environment and may be experiencing human\u2010mediated transport. Here, we used social network theory with a population genetic approach to investigate the impact of urbanization on genetic connectivity in the Western black widow spider, as an urban pest model of human health concern. We collected genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism variation from mitochondrial and nuclear double\u2010digest RAD (ddRAD) sequence data sets from 210 individuals sampled from 11 urban and 10 nonurban locales across its distribution of the Western United States. From urban and nonurban contrasts of population, phylogenetic, and network analyses, urban locales have higher within\u2010population genetic diversity, lower between\u2010population genetic differentiation and higher estimates of genetic connectivity. Social network analyses show that urban locales not only have more connections, but can act as hubs that drive connectivity among nonurban locales, which show signatures of historical isolation. These results are consistent with an urban facilitation model of gene flow and demonstrate the importance of sampling multiple cities and markers to identify the role that urbanization has had on larger spatial scales. As the urban landscape continues to grow, this approach will help determine what factors influence the spread and adaptation of pests, like the venomous black widow spider, in building policies for human and biodiversity health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T15:11:41Z","timestamp":1530717101000},"page":"3219-3230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Urbanization as a facilitator of gene flow in a human health pest"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0406-7985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay S.","family":"Miles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Sciences Education Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"},{"name":"Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Chadwick","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University at the West Campus Glendale Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Studies Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Verrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Sciences Education Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"},{"name":"Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2014.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Conservation and the genetics of populations","author":"Allendorf F. 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