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Understanding the evolutionary epidemiology of spillover events leading to discrete outcomes in novel hosts is key to predicting risk and can lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of emergence. Here we use a Bayesian phylodynamic approach to examine cross\u2010species transmission and evolutionary dynamics during a canine distemper virus (CDV) spillover event causing clinical disease and population decline in an African lion population (<jats:italic>Panthera leo<\/jats:italic>) in the Serengeti Ecological Region between 1993 and 1994. Using 21 near\u2010complete viral genomes from four species we found that this large\u2010scale outbreak was likely\u00a0 ignited by a single cross\u2010species spillover event from a canid reservoir to noncanid hosts &lt;1\u00a0year before disease detection and explosive spread of CDV in lions. Cross\u2010species transmission from other noncanid species probably fuelled the high prevalence of CDV across spatially structured lion prides. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that spotted hyenas (<jats:italic>Crocuta crocuta<\/jats:italic>) could have acted as the proximate source of CDV exposure in lions. We report 13 nucleotide substitutions segregating CDV strains found in canids and noncanids. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that virus evolution played a role in CDV emergence in noncanid hosts following spillover during the outbreak, suggest that host barriers to clinical infection can limit outcomes of CDV spillover in novel host species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T05:10:20Z","timestamp":1587273020000},"page":"4308-4321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Cross\u2010species transmission and evolutionary dynamics of canine distemper virus during a spillover in African lions of Serengeti National Park"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2343-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie K.","family":"Weckworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Biology Program Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences W. 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Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula MT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian W.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Texas A&amp;M University College of Veterinary Medicine TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Dubovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9248-8493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Fountain\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Packer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cleaveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Heal and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meggan E.","family":"Craft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Eblate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute Arusha Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Biology Program Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences W. 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Cleaveland S. \u2026Roelke\u2010Parker M.Near whole genome canine distemper virus sequences from Serengeti 1993\u20131994.GenBank.https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nuccore\/MT136705\u2026https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nuccore\/MT136725"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.074492.107"}],"container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.15449","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mec.15449","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1111\/mec.15449","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.15449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T17:58:54Z","timestamp":1693763934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mec.15449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mec.15449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.15449","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1083","1365-294X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1083","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-294X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}