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Understanding the genetic architecture of parasite resistance will aid prediction of species' responses to intensified parasite challenge. The gapeworm \u201c<jats:italic>Syngamus trachea<\/jats:italic>\u201d is prevalent in natural bird populations and causes symptomatic infections ranging from mild to severe. The parasite may affect ecological processes by curtailing bird populations and is important due to its propensity to spread to commercially farmed birds. Our large\u2010scale data set on an insular house sparrow metapopulation in northern Norway includes information on gapeworm prevalence and infection intensity, allowing assessment of the genetics of parasite resistance in a natural system. To determine whether parasite resistance has a heritable genetic component, we performed variance component analyses using animal models. Resistance to gapeworm had substantial additive genetic and dominance variance, and genome\u2010wide association studies to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gapeworm resistance yielded multiple loci linked to immune function. Together with genome partitioning results, this indicates that resistance to gapeworm is under polygenic control in the house sparrow, and probably in other bird species. Hence, our results provide the foundation needed to study any eco\u2010evolutionary processes related to gapeworm infection, and show that it is necessary to use methods suitable for polygenic and nonadditive genetic effects on the phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,31]],"date-time":"2020-05-31T19:10:26Z","timestamp":1590952226000},"page":"3812-3829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Resistance to gapeworm parasite has both additive and dominant genetic components in house sparrows, with evolutionary consequences for ability to respond to parasite challenge"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4971-6208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Lundregan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2017-2718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina K.","family":"Niskanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Muff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of Mathematical Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kon","family":"Holand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kvalnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thor\u2010Harald","family":"Ringsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1911-8351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arild","family":"Husby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Evolutionary Biology Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7804-1564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1239401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14897"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"678","article-title":"Signs of adaptation to trace metal contamination in a common urban bird","volume":"650","author":"Andrew S. 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