{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:46:39Z","timestamp":1788669999619,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1010069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1010069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1027108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1027108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI089686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI089686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Monitoring the genetic structure of pathogen populations may be an economical and sensitive approach to quantify the impact of control on transmission dynamics, highlighting the need for a better understanding of changes in population genetic parameters as transmission declines. Here we describe the first population genetic analysis of two major human malaria parasites,\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), following nationwide distribution of long\u2010lasting insecticide\u2010treated nets (LLINs) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Parasite isolates from pre\u2010 (2005\u20132006) and post\u2010LLIN (2010\u20132014) were genotyped using microsatellite markers. Despite parasite prevalence declining substantially (East Sepik Province:\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a054.9%\u20138.5%,\n                    <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a035.7%\u20135.6%, Madang Province:\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a038.0%\u20139.0%,\n                    <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>\n                    : 31.8%\u201319.7%), genetically diverse and intermixing parasite populations remained.\n                    <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>\n                    diversity declined modestly post\u2010LLIN relative to pre\u2010LLIN (East Sepik:\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a07.1\u20136.4,\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.77\u20130.71; Madang:\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a08.2\u20136.1,\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.79\u20130.71). Unexpectedly, population structure present in pre\u2010LLIN populations was lost post\u2010LLIN, suggesting that more frequent human movement between provinces may have contributed to higher gene flow.\n                    <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence initially declined but increased again in one province, yet diversity remained high throughout the study period (East Sepik:\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a011.4\u20139.3,\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.83\u20130.80; Madang:\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a012.2\u201314.5,\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.85\u20130.88). Although genetic differentiation values increased between provinces over time, no significant population structure was observed at any time point. For both species, a decline in multiple infections and increasing clonal transmission and significant multilocus linkage disequilibrium post\u2010LLIN were positive indicators of impact on the parasite population using microsatellite markers. These parameters may be useful adjuncts to traditional epidemiological tools in the early stages of transmission reduction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T04:36:51Z","timestamp":1601267811000},"page":"4525-4541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Monitoring\n                    <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Plasmodium vivax<\/i>\n                    using microsatellite markers indicates limited changes in population structure after substantial transmission decline in Papua New Guinea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Johanna Helena","family":"Kattenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Vector Borne Diseases Unit Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research Yagaum Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Razook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raksmei","family":"Keo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Koepfli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Jennison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dulcie","family":"Lautu\u2010Gumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Vector Borne Diseases Unit Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research Yagaum Papua New Guinea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abebe A.","family":"Fola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ome\u2010Kaius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Vector Borne Diseases Unit Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research Yagaum Papua New Guinea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Barnadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Vector Borne Diseases Unit Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research Yagaum Papua New Guinea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Siba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research Goroka Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Felger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Kazura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health and Diseases Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors Institut Pasteur Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne J.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Vector Borne Diseases Unit Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research Yagaum Papua New Guinea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Disease Elimination Burnet Institute Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa E.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082553"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026247"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099004552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.08.006"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000080665","article-title":"Random mating in a natural population of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"109","author":"Babiker H. A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003539","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003539","article-title":"Development of a single nucleotide polymorphism barcode to genotype Plasmodium vivax infections","volume":"9","author":"Baniecki M. L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0879-9","article-title":"Significant geographical differences in prevalence of mutations associated with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax drug resistance in two regions from Papua New Guinea","volume":"14","author":"Barnadas C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014001176"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix580","article-title":"Dramatic changes in malaria population genetic complexity in Dielmo and Ndiop, senegal, revealed using genomic surveillance","volume":"217","author":"Bei A. K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msq311"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2882","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002882","article-title":"A high resolution case study of a patient with recurrent Plasmodium vivax infections shows that relapses were caused by meiotic siblings","volume":"8","author":"Bright A. T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/512242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-412"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0887-9","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of Plasmodium falciparum genetic variation in Turbo, Colombia: Implications for malaria control and elimination","volume":"14","author":"Chenet S. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.09.007"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2784-0","article-title":"Use cases for genetic epidemiology in malaria elimination","volume":"18","author":"Dalmat R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1505691112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004376"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-8","article-title":"Population structure and spatio\u2010temporal transmission dynamics of Plasmodium vivax after radical cure treatment in a rural village of the Peruvian Amazon","volume":"13","author":"Delgado\u2010Ratto C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"Diva GIS country level data. (2015).http:\/\/www.diva\u2010gis.org\/gdata"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12686-011-9548-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61270-6"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1086\/512685","article-title":"Population structure and transmission dynamics of Plasmodium vivax in rural Amazonia","volume":"195","author":"Ferreira M. U.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0716","article-title":"Higher Complexity of infection and genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax than Plasmodium falciparum across all malaria transmission zones of Papua New Guinea","volume":"96","author":"Fola A. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.11.028"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-353","article-title":"Effects of transmission reduction by insecticide\u2010treated bed nets (ITNs) on parasite genetics population structure: I. The genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum parasites by microsatellite markers in western Kenya","volume":"9","author":"Gatei W.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1995.11812965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1994.11812866"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2006035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2004.00597.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0538-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013002278"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.9.847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.01282","article-title":"Genomic epidemiology in filarial nematodes: Transforming the basis for elimination program decisions","volume":"10","author":"Hedtke S. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-242","article-title":"Progress in mosquito net coverage in Papua New Guinea","volume":"13","author":"Hetzel M. W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-192","article-title":"Ownership and usage of mosquito nets after four years of large\u2010scale free distribution in Papua New Guinea","volume":"11","author":"Hetzel M. W.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1635-x","article-title":"Changes in malaria burden and transmission in sentinel sites after the roll\u2010out of long\u2010lasting insecticidal nets in Papua New Guinea","volume":"9","author":"Hetzel M. W.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90315-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23708","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.23708","article-title":"The complex relationship of exposure to new Plasmodium infections and incidence of clinical malaria in Papua New Guinea","volume":"6","author":"Hofmann N. E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1934145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.02.010"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msj116","article-title":"Microsatellite variation, repeat array length, and population history of Plasmodium vivax","volume":"23","author":"Imwong M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2008.03887.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2006.01534.x","article-title":"Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers for the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax","volume":"7","author":"Karunaweera N. D.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology Notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03265-x","article-title":"The epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, pre\u2010 and post\u2010implementation of national malaria control efforts","volume":"19","author":"Kattenberg J. H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix507"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0560-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr642"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3346","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4346","article-title":"African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax","volume":"5","author":"Liu W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.05.008","article-title":"Out of Africa: Origins and evolution of the human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax","volume":"47","author":"Loy D. E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/89.3.238"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000400","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000400","article-title":"A research agenda for malaria eradication: Monitoring, evaluation, and surveillance","volume":"8","author":"malEra Consultative Group on Monitoring, E., & Surveillance","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762007005000044","article-title":"Microsatellite characterization of Plasmodium falciparum from symptomatic and non\u2010symptomatic infections from the Western Amazon reveals the existence of non\u2010symptomatic infection\u2010associated genotypes","volume":"102","author":"Martha R. C. D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp303"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.413","article-title":"Diagnosing infection levels of four human malaria parasite species by a polymerase chain reaction\/ligase detection reaction fluorescent microsphere\u2010based assay","volume":"74","author":"McNamara D. T.","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01500","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01500-16","article-title":"Critical evaluation of molecular monitoring in malaria drug efficacy trials and pitfalls of length\u2010polymorphic markers","volume":"61","author":"Messerli C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2624"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23811-7","article-title":"Rapid selection of sulphadoxine\u2010resistant Plasmodium falciparum and its effect on within\u2010population genetic diversity in Papua New Guinea","volume":"8","author":"Mita T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(03)00091-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0056","article-title":"High levels of genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in Papua New Guinea despite variable infection prevalence","volume":"88","author":"Mueller I.","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-41","article-title":"High sensitivity detection of Plasmodium species reveals positive correlations between infections of different species, shifts in age distribution and reduced local variation in Papua New Guinea","volume":"8","author":"Mueller I.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2006.02908.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003739"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-115","article-title":"Malaria in Brazil: An overview","volume":"9","author":"Oliveira\u2010Ferreira J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0160","article-title":"Implications of Plasmodium vivax biology for control, elimination, and research","volume":"95","author":"Olliaro P. L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990539"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","volume-title":"The National Population and Housing Census 2011","author":"Papua New Guinea 2011 National Report","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5231","key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7569897","article-title":"Mating patterns in malaria parasite populations of Papua New Guinea","volume":"269","author":"Paul R. E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3599"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/90.4.502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/155.2.945"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(83)80017-7"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001891","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001891","article-title":"Strategies for understanding and reducing the Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale hypnozoite reservoir in Papua New Guinean children: A randomised placebo\u2010controlled trial and mathematical model","volume":"12","author":"Robinson L. J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-361","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic methods for the detection and quantification of the four sympatric Plasmodium species in field samples from Papua New Guinea","volume":"9","author":"Rosanas\u2010Urgell A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-8286.2003.00566.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.06.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-336","article-title":"Multilocus haplotypes reveal variable levels of diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in Papua New Guinea, a region of intense perennial transmission","volume":"9","author":"Schultz L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001195"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.10.4384"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-212","article-title":"Differences in genetic population structures of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients along Thai\u2010Myanmar border with severe or uncomplicated malaria","volume":"7","author":"Susomboon P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-447","article-title":"A call to arms: On refining Plasmodium vivax microsatellite marker panels for comparing global diversity","volume":"12","author":"Sutton P. L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1930"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.1928.tb02483.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003758","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003758","article-title":"High rates of asymptomatic, sub\u2010microscopic Plasmodium vivax infection and disappearing Plasmodium falciparum malaria in an area of low transmission in Solomon Islands","volume":"9","author":"Waltmann A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1984.tb05657.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-297","article-title":"Determinants of relapse periodicity in Plasmodium vivax malaria","volume":"10","author":"White N. J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_115_1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2017","author":"WHO","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_116_1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2018","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_117_1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2019","author":"WHO","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00124-14"}],"container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.15654","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mec.15654","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.15654","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T19:14:53Z","timestamp":1723662893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mec.15654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mec.15654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.15654","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/817320","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0962-1083","1365-294X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1083","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-294X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}