{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:10:43Z","timestamp":1790835043417,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/K012886\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/K012886\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hybrids between species are often sterile or inviable. Hybrid unfitness usually evolves first in the heterogametic sex\u2014a pattern known as Haldane's rule. The genetics of Haldane's rule have been extensively studied in species where the male is the heterogametic (XX\/XY) sex, but its basis in taxa where the female is heterogametic (ZW\/ZZ), such as Lepidoptera and birds, is largely unknown. Here, we analyse a new case of female hybrid sterility between geographic subspecies of\n                    <jats:italic>Heliconius pardalinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The two subspecies mate freely in captivity, but female F1\u00a0hybrids in both directions of cross are sterile. Sterility is due to arrested development of oocytes after they become differentiated from nurse cells, but before yolk deposition. We backcrossed fertile male F1\u00a0hybrids to parental females and mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for female sterility. We also identified genes differentially expressed in the ovary as a function of oocyte development. The Z chromosome has a major effect, similar to the \u2018large X effect\u2019 in\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with strong epistatic interactions between loci at either end of the Z chromosome, and between the Z chromosome and autosomal loci on chromosomes 8 and 20. By intersecting the list of genes within these QTLs with those differentially expressed in sterile and fertile hybrids, we identified three candidate genes with relevant phenotypes. This study is the first to characterize hybrid sterility using genome mapping in the Lepidoptera and shows that it is produced by multiple complex epistatic interactions often involving the sex chromosome, as predicted by the dominance theory of Haldane's rule.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T21:38:01Z","timestamp":1636925881000},"page":"959-977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Complex basis of hybrid female sterility and Haldane's rule in\n                    <i>Heliconius<\/i>\n                    butterflies: Z\u2010linkage and epistasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7796-2548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Rosser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology University of York York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5142-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel B.","family":"Edelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Yale School for the Environment Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7402-8079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie M.","family":"Queste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of York York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of York York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Seixas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanchon K.","family":"Dasmahapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of York York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Mallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.137513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1181756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(82)90463-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133953"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"373","article-title":"An illustrated key to the silvaniform Heliconius (lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with descriptions of new subspecies","volume":"102","author":"Brown K. 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