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Rodents and birds are reservoirs for\n                    <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    and infect juvenile ticks, while lizards are refractory to\n                    <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    and cannot infect feeding ticks. Additionally, the lizard bloodmeal contains borreliacidal properties, clearing previously infected feeding ticks of their\n                    <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Despite\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pacificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    feeding on a range of hosts, it is undetermined how the host identity of the larval bloodmeal affects future nymphal vector competency. We experimentally evaluate the influence of larval host bloodmeal on\n                    <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    acquisition by nymphal\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pacificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Larval\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pacificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were fed on either lizards or mice and after molting, nymphs were fed on\n                    <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected mice. We found that lizard\u2010fed larvae were significantly more likely to become infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    during their next bloodmeal than mouse\u2010fed larvae. We also conducted the first RNA\u2010seq analysis on whole\u2010bodied\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pacificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and found significant upregulation of tick antioxidants and antimicrobial peptides in the lizard\u2010fed group. Our results indicate that the lizard bloodmeal significantly alters vector competency and gene regulation in ticks, highlighting the importance of host bloodmeal identity in vector\u2010borne disease transmission and upends prior notions about the role of lizards in Lyme disease community ecology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T12:46:38Z","timestamp":1646138798000},"page":"2698-2711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Host blood meal identity modifies vector gene expression and competency"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7356-5737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacie","family":"Ring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara  Santa Barbara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7417-8675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa I.","family":"Couper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne L.","family":"Sapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fauna","family":"Yarza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X. Frank","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Clay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University  New Orleans Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chase","family":"Mateusiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Science and Systems Biology  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seemay","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4475-4539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Swei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology San Francisco State University  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41769-7_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.47.091201.145144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.1.115-137.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Blighe K. 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