{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:06:40Z","timestamp":1790284000824,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sex chromosomes constantly exist in a dynamic state of evolution: rapid turnover and change of heterogametic sex during homomorphic state, and often stepping out to a heteromorphic state followed by chromosomal decaying. However, the forces driving these different trajectories of sex chromosome evolution are still unclear. The Japanese frog <jats:italic>Glandirana rugosa<\/jats:italic> is one taxon well suited to the study on these driving forces. The species has two different heteromorphic sex chromosome systems, XX\u2010XY and ZZ\u2010ZW, which are separated in different geographic populations. Both XX\u2010XY and ZZ\u2010ZW sex chromosomes are represented by chromosome 7 (2n\u00a0=\u00a026). Phylogenetically, these two systems arose via hybridization between two ancestral lineages of West Japan and East Japan populations, of which sex chromosomes are homomorphic in both sexes and to date have not yet been identified. Identification of the sex chromosomes will give us important insight into the mechanisms of sex chromosome evolution in this species. Here, we used a high\u2010throughput genomic approach to identify the homomorphic XX\u2010XY sex chromosomes in both ancestral populations. Sex\u2010linked DNA markers of West Japan were aligned to chromosome 1, whereas those of East Japan were aligned to chromosome 3. These results reveal that at least two turnovers across three different sex chromosomes 1, 3 and 7 occurred during evolution of this species. This finding raises the possibility that cohabitation of the two different sex chromosomes from ancestral lineages induced turnover to another new one in their hybrids, involving transition of heterogametic sex and evolution from homomorphy to heteromorphy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T13:04:16Z","timestamp":1655039056000},"page":"3859-3870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Identification of ancestral sex chromosomes in the frog <i>Glandirana rugosa<\/i> bearing <scp>XX\u2010XY<\/scp> and <scp>ZZ\u2010ZW<\/scp> sex\u2010determining systems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3564-2882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikuo","family":"Miura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amphibian Research Center Hiroshima University  Higashi\u2010Hiroshima 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Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Perrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michihiko","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science Kitasato University  Sagamihara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuaki","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preservation and Research Center, City of Yokohama  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Ezaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amphibian Research Center Hiroshima University  Higashi\u2010Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Applied Ecology University of Canberra  Canberra Australian 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