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This association has led to suggestions that the behavioural changes associated with infection may be indirectly driven by the resulting sustained inflammation rather than a direct behavioural manipulation by the parasite. If this is correct, sustained inflammation in chronically infected rodents should present as widespread differences in the gastrointestinal microbiota due to the dependency between the composition of these microbiota and sustained inflammation. We conducted a randomized controlled experiment in rats that were assigned to a <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\u2010treatment, placebo\u2010treatment or negative control group. We euthanised rats during the chronic phase of infection, collected their caecal stool samples and sequenced the V3\u2010V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the bacterial community in these samples. <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> infection did not induce widespread differences in the bacterial community composition of the gastrointestinal tract of rats. Rather, we found sex differences in the bacterial community composition of rats. We conclude that it is unlikely that sustained inflammation is the mechanism driving the highly specific behavioural changes observed in <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T13:28:18Z","timestamp":1653658098000},"page":"3963-3970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gut microbiota composition does not associate with <i>toxoplasma<\/i> infection in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9523-0463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick L.","family":"Taggart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of Adelaide  Roseworthy South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Department of Primary Industries NSW  Queanbeyan New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4812-7524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig","family":"Liddicoat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering Flinders University  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen Han","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University (SBS\u2010NTU)  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7810-9696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin F.","family":"Breed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering Flinders University  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Scientist Unit Department of Primary Industries NSW  Orange New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajai","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University (SBS\u2010NTU)  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.12.006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000065902"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1182"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.019"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.01.010"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0605-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(01)00044-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","DOI":"10.2307\/3284282"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-1-r4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007002673"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm S.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0657:TNOTGI]2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000332"},{"unstructured":"Illumina(2014).16S metagenomic sequencing library preparation: Preparing 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons for the Illumina MiSeq system. 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