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Here, we examine evidence for a genetic bottleneck in a population of American crows (<jats:italic>Corvus brachyrhynchos<\/jats:italic>) before and after the emergence of West Nile virus (WNV). More than 50% of marked birds in this population were lost over the 2\u2010year period of the epizootic, representing a 10\u2010fold increase in adult mortality. Using analyses of single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and microsatellite markers, we tested for evidence of a genetic bottleneck and compared levels of inbreeding and immigration in the pre\u2010 and post\u2010WNV populations. Counter to expectations, genetic diversity (allelic diversity and the number of new alleles) increased after WNV emergence. This was likely due to increases in immigration, as the estimated membership coefficients were lower in the post\u2010WNV population. Simultaneously, however, the frequency of inbreeding appeared to increase: Mean inbreeding coefficients were higher among SNP markers, and heterozygosity\u2013heterozygosity correlations were stronger among microsatellite markers, in the post\u2010WNV population. These results indicate that loss of genetic diversity at the population level is not an inevitable consequence of a population decline, particularly in the presence of gene flow. The changes observed in post\u2010WNV crows could have very different implications for their response to future pathogen risks, potentially making the population as a whole more resilient to a changing pathogen community, while increasing the frequency of inbred individuals with elevated susceptibility to disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T08:08:12Z","timestamp":1686125292000},"page":"4199-4208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Increased genetic diversity and immigration after West Nile virus emergence in American crows: No evidence for a genetic bottleneck"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2452-1594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea K.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Hamilton College  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