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Because it could potentially shape the design of public health interventions, there is an interest in fully uncovering the endemic pattern of a disease. Here, we use a phylogeographic approach to investigate the endemic signature of rabies virus (RABV) circulation in Cambodia. Cambodia is located in one of the most affected regions by rabies in the world, but RABV circulation between and within Southeast Asian countries remains understudied. Our analyses are based on a new comprehensive data set of 199 RABV genomes collected between 2014 and 2017 as well as previously published Southeast Asian RABV sequences. We show that most Cambodian sequences belong to a distinct clade that has been circulating almost exclusively in Cambodia. Our results thus point towards rabies circulation in Cambodia that does not rely on external introductions. We further characterize within\u2010Cambodia RABV circulation by estimating lineage dispersal metrics that appear to be similar to other settings, and by performing landscape phylogeographic analyses to investigate environmental factors impacting the dispersal dynamic of viral lineages. The latter analyses do not lead to the identification of environmental variables that would be associated with the heterogeneity of viral lineage dispersal velocities, which calls for a better understanding of local dog ecology and further investigations of the potential drivers of RABV spread in the region. Overall, our study illustrates how phylogeographic investigations can be performed to assess and characterize viral endemicity in a context of relatively limited data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T15:25:41Z","timestamp":1691162741000},"page":"5140-5155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Uncovering the endemic circulation of rabies in Cambodia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3092-686X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maylis","family":"Layan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, UMR2000, CNRS  Paris France"},{"name":"Coll\u00e8ge Doctoral, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Dacheux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Lemey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology KU Leuven, University of Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9990-6299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirstyn","family":"Brunker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomics, Center for Technological Resources and Research (C2RT) Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Troupin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit Institut Pasteur du Cambodge  Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1931-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Dussart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit Institut Pasteur du Cambodge  Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Chevalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD, UMR ASTRE  Montpellier France"},{"name":"ASTRE, Univ. 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