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An understanding of the history of introduction(s), establishment(s) and potential\n                    <jats:italic>A. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    sources in the HoA is needed to predict future expansions and establish where they may be effectively controlled. To this end, we take a landscape genomic approach to assess\n                    <jats:italic>A. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    origins and spread throughout the HoA, information essential for vector control. Specifically, we assayed 2070 genome\u2010wide single nucleotide polymorphisms across 214 samples spanning 13 populations of\n                    <jats:italic>A. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    from Ethiopia and Somaliland collected in 2018 and 2020, respectively. Principal component and genetic ancestry analyses revealed clustering that followed an isolation\u2010by\u2010distance pattern, with genetic divergence among the Ethiopian samples significantly correlating with geographical distance. Additionally, genetic relatedness was observed between the northeastern and east central Ethiopian\n                    <jats:italic>A. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations and the Somaliland\n                    <jats:italic>A. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations. These results reveal population differentiation and genetic connectivity within HoA\n                    <jats:italic>A. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations. Furthermore, based on genetic network analysis, we uncovered that Dire Dawa, the site of a spring 2022 malaria outbreak, was one of the major hubs from which sequential founder events occurred in the rest of the eastern Ethiopian region. These findings can be useful for the selection of sites for heightened control to prevent future malaria outbreaks. Finally, we did not detect significant genotype\u2013environmental associations, potentially due to the recency of their colonization and\/or other anthropogenic factors leading to the initial spread and establishment of\n                    <jats:italic>A. stephensi.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Our study highlights how coupling genomic data at landscape levels can shed light into even ongoing invasions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T16:05:57Z","timestamp":1696521957000},"page":"5695-5708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Population genomic analyses reveal population structure and major hubs of invasive\n                    <i>Anopheles stephensi<\/i>\n                    in the Horn of Africa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2391-6583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanne N.","family":"Samake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Baylor University  Waco Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5904-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Lavretsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso  El Paso Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9729-2879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isuru","family":"Gunarathna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Baylor University  Waco Texas 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Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9438-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamar E.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Baylor University  Waco Texas 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