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Breakage can increase sponge fragmentation, contributing to population clonality and inbreeding. Conversely, storms could provide opportunities for new genotypes to enter populations via larval recruitment, resulting in greater genetic diversity in locations with frequent storms. The unprecedented occurrence of two Category 5 hurricanes in close succession during 2017 in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) provided a unique opportunity to evaluate whether recolonization of newly available substrata on coral reefs was due to local (e.g. re\u2010growth of remnants, fragmentation, larval recruitment) or remote (e.g. larval transport and immigration) sponge genotypes. We sampled <jats:italic>A.\u2009cauliformis<\/jats:italic> adults and juveniles from four reefs around St. Thomas and two in St. Croix (USVI). Using a 2bRAD protocol, all samples were genotyped for single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results showed that these major storm events favoured sponge larval recruitment but did not increase the genetic diversity of <jats:italic>A.\u2009cauliformis<\/jats:italic> populations. Recolonization of substratum post\u2010storms via clonality was lower (15%) than expected and instead was mainly due to sexual reproduction (85%) via local larval recruitment. Storms did enhance gene flow among and within reef sites located south of St. Thomas and north of St. Croix. Therefore, populations of clonal marine species with low pelagic dispersion, such as <jats:italic>A.\u2009cauliformis<\/jats:italic>, may benefit from increased frequency and magnitude of hurricanes for the maintenance of genetic diversity and to combat inbreeding, enhancing the resilience of Caribbean sponge communities to extreme storm events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T07:05:26Z","timestamp":1709708726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Severe hurricanes increase recruitment and gene flow in the clonal sponge <i>Aplysina cauliformis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3688-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Segura\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Florida Atlantic University  Fort Pierce Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4517-0209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie B.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama  Tuscaloosa Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2967-4303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Gochfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research University of Mississippi  Oxford Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8639-7851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilyn E.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands  St. Thomas Virgin Islands USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6781-0089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andia","family":"Chaves\u2010Fonnegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Florida Atlantic University  Fort Pierce Florida USA"},{"name":"Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College Florida Atlantic University  Jupiter Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00338-006-0141-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/668831"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00338-012-0941-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/03\u20100108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2013.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Sponges","author":"Bergquist P.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227\u2010019\u20103493\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2020.103427"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2007.03276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asl.813"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"416","article-title":"Population structure, long\u2010term connectivity, and effective size of mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) in the Caribbean Sea and Florida keys","volume":"109","author":"Carson E. 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