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Geographic range expansion and population growth of human pathogens increase human disease risk. Relatively little empirical work has investigated the impact of range changes on within\u2010population variability, a contributor to both colonization success and adaptive potential, during the precise time in which populations are colonized. This is likely due to the difficulties of collecting appropriate natural samples during the dynamic phase of migration and colonization. We systematically collected blacklegged ticks (<jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>) across New York State (NY), USA, between 2006 and 2019, a time period coinciding with a rapid range expansion of ticks and their associated pathogens including <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, the etiological agent of Lyme disease. These samples provide a unique opportunity to investigate the population dynamics of human pathogens as they expand into novel territory. We observed that founder effects were short\u2010lived, as gene flow from long\u2010established populations brought almost all <jats:italic>B.\u2009burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> lineages to newly colonized populations within just a few years of colonization. By 7\u2009years post\u2010colonization, <jats:italic>B.\u2009burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> lineage frequency distributions were indistinguishable from long\u2010established sites, indicating that local <jats:italic>B.\u2009burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> populations experience similar selective pressures despite geographic separation. The <jats:italic>B.\u2009burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> lineage dynamics elucidate the processes underlying the range expansion and demonstrate that migration into, and selection within, newly colonized sites operate on different time scales.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T06:39:58Z","timestamp":1721630398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Population dynamics of the Lyme disease bacterium, <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>, during rapid range expansion in New York State"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4106-2243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary J.","family":"Oppler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Prusinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health  Albany New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayleigh R.","family":"O'Keeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts Amherst  Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Rich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts Amherst  Amherst Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Falco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control Fordham University Louis Calder Center  Armonk New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Vinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control Fordham University Louis Calder Center  Armonk New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Collin","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control Buffalo State University  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Haight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control Chautauqua County Department of Public Works  Falconer New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. Bryon","family":"Backenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health  Albany New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dustin","family":"Brisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12397"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420\u20109101.2005.00995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102664.2011.02026.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022926"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.028738"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26944\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128161"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/070151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866\u2010015\u20100381\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u2010294X.2007.03538.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1602480113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716\u2010078X2004000300003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4182\/MAMR9602"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.806"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538\u2010016\u20100213\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goudet J. &Jombart T.(2022).Hierfstat: Estimation and tests of hierarchical F\u2010statistics (R package version 0.5\u201011).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.hierfstat","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.hierfstat"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13590"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00479\u201008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095\u20108312.1999.tb01160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102664.2008.01600.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1996.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09575"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/15.suppl2.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/ES12\u201000134.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12690"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.02.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1674\/0003\u20100031(2001)145[0388:CORWBA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102664.2012.02112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559\u2010020\u20101198\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1051\u20100761(2000)010[0689:BICEGC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02759"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2407137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.042.097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oppler Z. J. Prusinski M. A. O'Keeffe K. R. Pearson P. Rich S. M. Falco R. C. Vinci V. O'Connor C. Haight J. Backenson P. B. &Brisson D.(2024).Data for: Population dynamics of the Lyme disease bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi during rapid range expansion in New York state. 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