{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:17:10Z","timestamp":1787015830017,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sexual differences in pathogen prevalence in wildlife often arise from varying susceptibility influenced by factors such as sex hormones and exposure to pathogens. In the case of vector\u2010borne pathogens, host selection by insect vectors determines the exposure of hosts to infections, largely affecting the transmission of these infectious diseases. We identify the blood\u2010feeding patterns of insect vectors in Blue Tit (\n                    <jats:italic>Cyanistes caeruleus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) nestlings in a 3\u2010year study. Blood from both nestlings and insect vectors (\n                    <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and Simuliidae) captured inside nest\u2010boxes were used to molecularly determine the sex of the host. We then compared the sex\u2010ratios of the nestlings that had been bitten and those of the complete brood in each nest. We found that males were bitten more frequently than females in 2021, when males weighed less in comparison to other years. Additionally, we molecularly identified bitten nestlings individually by genotyping the DNA of blood obtained from both, the vector's abdomen and nestlings of each brood in 2022. Nestlings more frequently bitten by vectors were males, weighed less and were closest to the nest entrance. To our knowledge this is the first study identifying the nestling selection by insect vectors in bird nests under natural conditions. These results contribute to understanding the mechanisms of host selection by insect vectors, shedding light on pathogen transmission and offering insights into the observed sex\u2010biased infections in wildlife populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T06:44:10Z","timestamp":1724827450000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nestling sex and behaviour determine the host preference of insect vectors in avian nests"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4706-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010del\u00a0R\u00edo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Ecology National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3048-7409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Casta\u00f1o\u2010V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2657-1154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (Parasitology), Pharmacy School Alcal\u00e1 de Henares University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8055-4115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu\u00e9","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010de\u00a0la\u00a0Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change Do\u00f1ana Biological Station, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)  Sevilla Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5816-701X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Cantarero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Veterinary School Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6125-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Ecology National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yago","family":"Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Missouri Valley College  Marshall Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0603-8280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Ecology National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00290777"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.1997.00150.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"The impact of mass outbreaks of black flies (Simuliidae) on the parental behaviour and breeding output of colonial common gulls (Larus canus)","volume":"37","author":"Bukacijski D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annales Zoologici Fennici"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.140262"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936\u2010016\u20101220\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1749\u20104877.12625"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102656.2007.01255.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.1546"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3546559"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05292-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216360"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","volume-title":"Flycatchers to shrikes","author":"Cramp S.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"The complete birds of the Western Palearctic (CD\u2010ROM), version 1.0","author":"Cramp S.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2000.01094-14.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arm029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2020.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3510"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1536"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01651654"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avrs.2022.100038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0490034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.1998.00389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3871252"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3342-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201021994\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.3.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141391"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)02116-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1995.0102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141\u20109838.2004.00710.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102656.2011.01893.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511610493"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002650050250"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2010.01071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-012-0828-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Lack of blood parasites in bird species: Does absence of blood parasite vectors explain it all?","volume":"51","author":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Abra\u00edn A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ardeola"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2011.05136.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actao.2010.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3546970"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1312"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2656.2000.00438.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423714"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/285851"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0133-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2017.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2000.105338.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.4.1192"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-8286.2003.00498.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2002.00496.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1998)079[1939:GAESIN]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1905.sp001124"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4089195"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2000.tb00286.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.44.1.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010ento\u2010120811\u2010153618"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2007.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1642\/0004-8038(2006)123[1013:NWAFHI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","first-page":"932","volume-title":"Avian malaria parasites and other haemosporidia","author":"Valki\u016bnas G.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010018\u20102708\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12706"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2017.09.005"}],"container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.17517","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T09:41:25Z","timestamp":1729676485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mec.17517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mec.17517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.17517","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1083","1365-294X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1083","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-294X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e17517"}}