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In monogynous (single\u2010queen) insect societies, queen presence affects worker fecundity and longevity, but less is known about worker responses to queen number variation in polygynous (multi\u2010queen) species or how queens age in these systems. We created queenless, one\u2010queen and two\u2010queen colonies of the invasive, polygynous ant\n                    <jats:italic>Tapinoma magnum<\/jats:italic>\n                    to examine the effect of queen number on worker survival, ovary and oocyte development, oxidative stress resistance and fat body gene expression. We also compared the fecundity and brain and fat body transcriptomes between young and old queens. Queenless workers experienced the highest mortality, contrasting with monogynous species, where queen removal typically extends lifespan. Workers lived longer and had more developing oocytes in their ovaries in single\u2010queen than in two\u2010queen colonies. Queen number did not directly affect oxidative stress resistance or fat body gene expression, though its effect on the latter differed between inside and outside workers. Furthermore, inside\u2014likely younger\u2014workers produced more oocytes, showed higher oxidative stress resistance and upregulated antioxidant genes compared to outside\u2014likely older\u2014workers. Minimal shifts in fecundity and gene expression of differently aged queens indicated their physiological stability. Our research highlights distinct caste\u2010 and tissue\u2010specific responses to varying queen numbers in workers of a highly polygynous species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T04:24:36Z","timestamp":1738643076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Worker Survival and Egg Production\u2014But Not Transcriptional Activity\u2014Respond to Queen Number in the Highly Polygynous, Invasive Ant\n                    <i>Tapinoma magnum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9061-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Lenhart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megha","family":"Majoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Institute of Biology I (Zoology) Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel","family":"Selvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Colgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Libbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Biology Research Institute UMR 7261, CNRS, University of Tours  Tours France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8161-6306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Foitzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Alexa A. andJ.Rahnenf\u00fchrer.2010.\u201ctopGO: Enrichment Analysis for Gene Ontology.\u201dR package version 2(0)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20102836(05)80360\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Andrews S.2010.\u201cFastQC: A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0021\u20108790.2001.00545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010ento\u2010112408\u2010085356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.0380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cbir.1995.1086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/415930"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01065785"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.161844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201800005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0013\u20108746(2000)093[0295:EOQATW]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864\u2010021\u201008196\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003730"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701909104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065693"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059\u2010017\u20101284\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"Dekoninck W. 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