{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T22:52:39Z","timestamp":1781909559399,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32270553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32300409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Asian yellow pond turtle (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Mauremys mutica<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) has long been thought to lack dimorphic sex chromosomes, with prevailing theories suggesting a solely temperature\u2010dependent sex determination (TSD) system. In this study, a male chromosome\u2010level genomic sequence with a contig N50 of ~23.59 Mb was generated using a combination of both Nanopore and Hi\u2010C sequencing technologies. We utilise a combination of bioinformatics and cytogenetic experimental validation to demonstrate that this species indeed possesses XY chromosomes, thereby correcting a longstanding misconception. The results suggest that the X chromosome of the Asian yellow pond turtle originated independently during later stages of evolution and underwent chromosomal rearrangements. Notably, it was observed that the sex chromosomes exhibited a significant repeat expansion, with 95.9% comprising repetitive sequences. This expansion is primarily driven by LINE\/CR1 repeats, which account for 55.2% of the total length of the X chromosome. We found that the X chromosome underwent a lower rate of adaptive evolution, supporting the concept of the \u201cslower\u2010X\u201d effect. We present a novel model concerning the <jats:italic>KDM6B<\/jats:italic>, which is located on both XY chromosomes, mediates a sex determination mechanism that coexists with TSD + XY in turtles. This study paves the way for further exploration into the complexities of sex determination and the evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes in turtles and potentially other reptiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T21:07:03Z","timestamp":1741727223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Discovery of <scp>XY<\/scp> Sex Chromosomes in <i>Mauremys mutica<\/i> Provides Insights Into the Role of <i>KDM6B<\/i> Gene in Coexistence of Temperature\u2010Dependent and Genetic Sex Determination"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin Life Science College of Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University  Nanchang China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin Life Science College of Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxiu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin Life Science College of Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin Life Science College of Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin Life Science College of Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin Life Science College of Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjiang","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin Life Science College of Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingquan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin Life Science College of Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaxing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Key Laboratory of Aquaculture &amp; Stock Enhancement Fisheries Research Institution, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liuwang","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin Life Science College of Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2011.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13100-015-0041-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"A Cytosystematic Study of Turtles in the Genera Clemmys, Mauremys and Sacalia","volume":"31","author":"Bickham J. 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