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Recently, a two\u2010step mechanism, with the enzymes cytochrome P450 2J19 (CYP2J19) and 3\u2010hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1\u2010like (BDH1L), was described for the biosynthesis of red ketocarotenoids from yellow dietary carotenoids in the retina and plumage of birds. A common assumption has been that all birds with ketocarotenoid\u2010based plumage coloration used this CYP2J19\/BDH1L mechanism to produce red feathers. We tested this assumption in house finches (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Haemorhous mexicanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) by examining the catalytic function of the house finch homologues of these enzymes and tracking their expression in birds growing new feathers. We found that CYP2J19 and BDH1L did not catalyse the production of 3\u2010hydroxy\u2010echinenone (3\u2010OH\u2010echinenone), the primary red plumage pigment of house finches, when provided with common dietary carotenoid substrates. Moreover, gene expression analyses revealed little to no expression of\n                    <jats:italic>CYP2J19<\/jats:italic>\n                    in liver tissue or growing feather follicles, the putative sites of pigment metabolism in moulting house finches. Finally, although the hepatic mitochondria of house finches have high concentrations of 3\u2010OH\u2010echinenone, observations using fluorescent markers suggest that both CYP2J19 and BDH1L localise to the endomembrane system rather than the mitochondria. We propose that house finches and other birds that deposit 3\u2010OH\u2010echinenone as their primary red plumage pigment use an alternative enzymatic pathway to produce their characteristic red ketocarotenoid\u2010based coloration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T11:15:26Z","timestamp":1743592526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multiple Pathways to Red Carotenoid Coloration: House Finches (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Haemorhous mexicanus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) Do Not Use\n                    <scp>CYP2J19<\/scp>\n                    to Produce Red Plumage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9068-6231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8864-6495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey E.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences University of Memphis  Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Toomey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science University of Tulsa  Tulsa Oklahoma 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