{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:23:04Z","timestamp":1780060984709,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004240","name":"Akademie V\u011bd \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RVO:67985904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RVO:67985904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004240","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXCELLENCE CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/15_003\/0000460 OP RD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXCELLENCE CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/15_003\/0000460 OP RD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["e\u2010INFRA CZ 90254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["e\u2010INFRA CZ 90254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["e\u2010INFRA CZ LM2018140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["e\u2010INFRA CZ LM2018140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19\u201022346Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\u201022346Y"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Sex chromosomes have evolved repeatedly across eukaryotes. The emergence of a sex\u2010determining (SD) locus is expected to progressively restrict recombination, driving convergent molecular differentiation. However, evidence from taxa like teleost fishes, representing over half of vertebrate species with unmatched diversity in SD systems, challenges this model. Teleost sex chromosomes are often difficult to detect as they experience frequent turnovers, resetting the differentiation process.\n Nothobranchius<\/jats:italic>\n killifishes, which include the XY system shared by\n \n N. furzeri<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n N. kadleci<\/jats:italic>\n and X\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n X\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n Y systems in six other species, offer a valuable model to study sex chromosome turnovers. We characterised X\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n X\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n Y systems in five killifish species and found that sex chromosomes evolved at least four times independently. Sex\u2010determining regions resided near centromeres or predicted chromosome rearrangement breakpoints in\n \n N. brieni<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n N. guentheri<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , suggesting recombination cold spots may facilitate sex chromosome evolution. Chromosomes representing the XY system in\n \n N.<\/jats:styled-content>\n furzeri\n <\/jats:italic>\n \/\n N. kadleci<\/jats:italic>\n were sex\u2010linked also in the outgroup\n \n Fundulosoma thierryi<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , with several genes, including\n gdf6<\/jats:italic>\n , residing in the region of differentiation. Although the X\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n X\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n Y systems of\n \n N. guentheri<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n N. lourensi<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (both Coastal clade), and\n \n N. brieni<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (Kalahari clade) involved different chromosomes, they shared a potential SD region. We uncovered two sex\u2010linked evolutionary strata of distinct age in\n \n N. guentheri<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . However, its potential SD gene\n amhr2<\/jats:italic>\n was located in the younger stratum and is hence unlikely to be the ancestral SD gene in this lineage. Our findings suggest recombination landscapes shape sex chromosome turnover and that certain synteny blocks are repeatedly co\u2010opted as sex chromosomes in killifishes.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T07:20:05Z","timestamp":1753341605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multiple Origins of Sex Chromosomes in\n Nothobranchius<\/i>\n Killifishes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4532-6130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Czech Academy of Sciences Lib\u011bchov Czech Republic"},{"name":"University of South Bohemia Faculty of Science \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice Czech 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