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The evolutionary features underlying such exacerbation in major vector such as\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles funestus<\/jats:italic>\n                    are only partially understood. PoolSeq whole genome analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles funestus<\/jats:italic>\n                    from Mibellon (Cameroon), (alive and dead at 1\u00d7, 5\u00d7 and 10\u00d7 concentrations), failed to identify hits associated with resistance escalation. However, stronger signals emerge at the\n                    <jats:italic>rp1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>CYP9<\/jats:italic>\n                    loci when comparing these phenotypes to the susceptible reference strain FANG, with genomic analysis using F\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    crosses implicating these regions in resistance evolution. Temporal genomic between 2014 and control unexposed 2021 populations confirmed substantial genomic changes largely confined to these two regions with evidence of selective sweeps linked to the presence of multiple novel replacement polymorphisms and signatures of complex genomic evolution emerging from major cytochrome P450 genes within the\n                    <jats:italic>CYP9<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>rp1<\/jats:italic>\n                    regions at increasing allelic frequencies in field individuals and alive genetic crosses, indicating that those variants are potentially driving resistance evolution. Combined genotyping of the\n                    <jats:italic>rp1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010based 4.3\u2009kb SV and\n                    <jats:italic>CYP9K1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (G454A) in alive and dead genetic crosses underscores their significant contribution to super\u2010resistant phenotype in\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles funestus<\/jats:italic>\n                    population in Mibellon. On the other hand, microbial composition changes, notably\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Elizabethkingia anophelis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was associated with resistance evolution, suggesting their potential role in shaping the resistance phenotype while\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Asaia bongorensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    correlate with susceptibility. Genetic events and microbial symbionts associated with resistance evolution offer promising avenues for developing molecular markers to manage insecticide resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:37:20Z","timestamp":1767667040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["PoolSeq Genome\u2010Wide Association Studies and Microbial Signature Analyses Identify Novel Candidates Associated With Pyrethroid Resistance Evolution in\n                    <i>Anopheles funestus<\/i>\n                    in Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5671-2299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahamat","family":"Gadji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"The University of Yaound\u00e9 1  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas A.","family":"Kengne\u2010Ouafo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magellan","family":"Tchouakui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murielle J.","family":"Wondji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon M. J.","family":"Mugenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syngenta Crop Protection, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse  Stein Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Hearn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), RAVIC  Inverness UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyomo","family":"Onana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Yaound\u00e9 1  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Wondji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201044457\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201096362\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006539"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003534"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz715"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12867"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/fly.19695"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396\u2010019\u20100445\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201020367\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168\u2010018\u20100605\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyae181"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw354"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.189225.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864\u2010024\u201011148\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/entomologia\/2023\/1897"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","unstructured":"Hall T. 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