{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T06:11:41Z","timestamp":1787638301457,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS\u20102237423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS\u20102237423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS\u20102439462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS\u20102439462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DBI\u20102316364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DBI\u20102316364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008294","name":"Louisiana State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007926","name":"University of Oklahoma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007926","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Neophobia, avoidance of novel stimuli, is an ecologically and evolutionarily relevant behavioural trait that varies among individuals and across species. Especially among wild animals, the neuromolecular mechanisms underlying individual variation in neophobia have not been well characterised. We examined three neophobic behaviours in captive female and male Eurasian tree sparrows (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Passer montanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) from a wild population introduced to the USA in 1870: responses towards novel objects, novel foods, and repeated presentations of the same initially novel object. We compared transcriptomic patterns associated with neophobia in three brain regions, the striatum, dorsal hippocampus, and rostral hippocampus, using differential expression and co\u2010expression network analyses. We found that the striatum and hippocampus had distinct transcriptomic profiles, as did the rostral and caudal subregions of the hippocampus, supporting recent hypotheses that these subregions are functionally specialised. Despite the absence of sex differences in neophobic behaviours, neophobia\u2010associated gene modules revealed sex\u2010specific patterns within brain regions. For females, neophobic behaviours more strongly correlated with gene modules in the caudal hippocampus, a region involved in stress and anxiety, whereas for males, neophobic behaviours correlated with gene modules in the rostral hippocampus, a region that may play a larger role in spatial cognition. These modules exhibited significant overlap, suggesting that neophobic behaviours in both females and males are driven by shared neurobiological mechanisms, though they exhibit sex\u2010specific patterns of brain region localization. Further, this work highlights the importance of examining both male and female animals in neurobiological research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T09:35:37Z","timestamp":1767173737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Distinct Networks of Expressed Genes Are Associated With Neophobia in the Hippocampus of Male and Female Eurasian Tree Sparrows (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Passer montanus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"S. E.","family":"Lipshutz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. B.","family":"Bentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Oklahoma  Norman Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. B.","family":"Cochran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University  Baton Rouge Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. J.","family":"Krajcir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University  Baton Rouge Louisiana USA"},{"name":"Arkansas Department of Parks, Heritage, and Tourism Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission  Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Kimball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University  Baton Rouge Louisiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4030-4212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. R.","family":"Lattin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University  Baton Rouge Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Hormones and Animal Social Behavior","author":"Adkins\u2010Regan E.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25533"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1203295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559\u2010017\u20100411\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201038543\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2017.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/aru162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2020.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.0583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809650106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13076"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/603633"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.250220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eth.12009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research","author":"Fair J. E.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1211-0_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201043584\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22421"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2005.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.61849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0018\u2010506x(03)00027\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jue\/juaa015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arz167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90125-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)91341-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2020.0286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2022.113863"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2023.104913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icad127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502843112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530\u2010024\u201003403\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X21666230803101629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102105\u20109\u2010559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272\u2010019\u201001196\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059\u2010014\u20100550\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247485"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2023.105451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003394"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/ari044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-001-0946-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5372\u201011.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000113277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-002-0514-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","volume-title":"A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Brain of the Zebra Finch, Taeniopygia Guttata, With Special Emphasis on Telencephalic Visual and Song System Nuclei in Transverse and Sagittal Sections. Bethesda (MD)","author":"Nixdorf\u2010Bergweiler B. E.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2023.100589"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","unstructured":"Oksanen J. F. G.Blanchet M.Friendly et\u00a0al.2019.Vegan: Community Ecology Package.https:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/package=vegan."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2014.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2012.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(95)00257-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201003451\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/ptpbio.2096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.12.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(83)90036-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265\u2010021\u201003041\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2013.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.03.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00806-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(82)90228-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.16.7839"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-16-06292.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1109353108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2023.105445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000477654"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02253601"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901560305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28575"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","volume-title":"History of the House Sparrow Passer Domesticus and the European Tree Sparrowpasser Montanus at Saint Louis, Mo","author":"Widmann O.","year":"1889"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-12-04035.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0208-4"}],"container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.70221","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mec.70221","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1111\/mec.70221","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.70221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:58:04Z","timestamp":1784678284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mec.70221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mec.70221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.70221","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.09.04.674257","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0962-1083","1365-294X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1083","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-294X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70221"}}