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Using natural volcanic CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    vents at White Island, New Zealand, as analogues for future OA conditions, we quantified behaviours in\u00a0situ and sequenced the brain transcriptomes of four highly site\u2010attached fish species from two vents and a nearby control site with ambient\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , of which two species exhibit increased population densities at the vent. We found that two species showed changes in habitat preferences, and all four species with significant changes in gene expression related to circadian rhythm, visual perception, and energy metabolism at the vents. Strikingly, three differentially expressed genes, a heat shock protein (\n                    <jats:italic>HS90A<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and two immediate early genes (IEGs:\n                    <jats:italic>JUN<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>FOS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), were central regulators for transcriptional changes across all species at the vents. Within the circadian entrainment pathway, expression changes in opsins may act as a trigger, while core clock genes and IEGs function as downstream effectors, suggesting that elevated\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    may reset the circadian clock in these fishes. Notably, the two species with increased populations at the vents exhibited distinct transcriptional responses in genes involved in calcium signalling, reproduction, intracellular pH regulation and energy metabolism. Together with convergent evolution in a calcium signalling gene and an HS90 facilitator, these molecular features may confer their reproduction advantages and ability to cope with elevated\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying fish responses to OA and highlights key pathways that may support survival and ecological success under a naturally high\u2010CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    world.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T10:20:16Z","timestamp":1768299616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Core Transcriptional Plasticity Pave the Way for Fish to Succeed in a High\u2010\n                    <scp>\n                      CO\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    World"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6487-6824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingliang","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea Hainan University  Haikou Hainan P. 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