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This is often attributed to the selective disadvantages of assumed reduction of genetic diversity in the absence of sex. However, parthenogenetic vertebrates have highly complex evolutionary histories, with most arising through hybridisation and many being polyploid. Here, we show that geographically widespread triploid parthenogenetic forms of the Australian gekkonid\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Heteronotia binoei<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    are considerably diverse despite their clonal reproductive mode, with patterns of variation consistent with two previously identified reciprocal hybrid origins and numerous backcrossing events. We also confirm a two\u2010fold increase in genome\u2010wide heterozygosity among parthenogens (10.6%) compared with the sexual progenitors (4.63%). Our SNP\u2010based diversity estimates exceed prior predictions for clonal\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>H. binoei<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    lineages based on karyotype and allozyme data. We also find evidence of repeated and geographically widespread backcrossing in both western and central Australia. This supports the long\u2010standing hypothesis that parthenogens are able to partially recover parental niches by \u2018freezing\u2019 genotypic diversity present within the sexual forms. Understanding how asexual clones attain ecological success has implications for managing both invasive species, many of which are clonal, and threatened species, which often face similar challenges associated with reduced genetic diversity. Overall, our findings demonstrate that sex, historical or ongoing, is instrumental in the persistence of asexual lineages, contributing to a broader understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of parthenogenesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T09:39:51Z","timestamp":1768642791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Repeated Independent Formation of Triploid Lineages Contributes to Clonal Diversity in\n                    <i>Heteronotia binoei<\/i>\n                    Parthenogens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9067-4817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate E.","family":"O'Hara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University  Acton Australia"},{"name":"National Research Collections Australia Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3451-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Zozaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University  Acton Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6459-9508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin E.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Collections Australia Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare E.","family":"Holleley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Collections Australia Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5313-7279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University  Acton Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2003.tb01504.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"FastQC: A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data","author":"Andrews S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195369670.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1955.tb01544.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16213"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2018.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/715056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"The Masterpiece of Nature: The Evolution and Genetics of Sexuality","author":"Bell G.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/144.1.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx587"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/G06-152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/534289"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051330203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/283319"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"Danielayn F. 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