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Viral spread is likely constrained by host ecology, but inter\u2010virus differences in infection strategy might allow some viruses to overcome these constraints, leading to divergent population structures within a common host environment. We studied the phylogeographic structure of six virus taxa (dependoparvovirus, deltavirus, mastadenovirus, betaherpesvirus and two lineages of rabies virus) circulating in common vampire bats (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Desmodus rotundus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) in Peru, finding that viral population structure is inconsistently constrained by host ecology. Specifically, while bat travel distance structured the genetic diversity of betaherpesvirus and two lineages of rabies virus, other viruses were instead constrained by anthropogenic factors (dependoparvovirus), or had weakly defined population structure (mastadenovirus). The genetic structure of all viruses was affected by a measure of human travel difficulty between sites, but effects varied in size and direction. Distinct drivers of viral population structure within the same host species imply that virus infection strategy can outweigh host ecological connectivity, acting as a key determinant of geographic spread. Because barriers to gene flow generalise poorly between viruses, whether a tractable virus can illuminate host population structure or predict the spread of high\u2010impact viruses depends on individual virus biology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:45:02Z","timestamp":1773053102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Virus\u2010Dependent Geographic Structure of Co\u2010Circulating Viruses in a Single Bat Species"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9908-5846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avery L.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health &amp; Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"MRC\u2013University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Broos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health &amp; Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"MRC\u2013University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4315-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Oklahoma  Norman Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Mastozoolog\u00eda, Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell J.","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health &amp; Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"MRC\u2013University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health &amp; Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"MRC\u2013University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Tello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Para el, Desarrollo y Conservaci\u00f3n de los Recursos Naturales (Illariy)  Lima Peru"},{"name":"Yunkawasi  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Bergner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health &amp; Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"MRC\u2013University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7475-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Streicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health &amp; Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"MRC\u2013University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"276","volume-title":"Second International Symposium on Information Theory","author":"Akaike H.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20102836(05)80360\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Ecological and Behavioural Methods for the Study of Bats","author":"Anthony E. 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