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However, how and why species persist, even thrive, in highly contaminated regions in the absence of humans remains a topic of much debate. We examined the regulatory and genomic impacts of multigenerational chronic radiation exposure to grey wolves (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Canis lupus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. Wolves within the exclusion zone are at an estimated seven times greater density than surrounding preserves, despite lack of physical barriers to dispersal and chronic exposure to elevated radiation dose. Demographic analyses of genetic variation and home range modelling further suggest that ecological factors may support the wolf population within the exclusion zone. Wolves within Chornobyl exhibit altered leukocyte composition and regulatory signatures within the blood transcriptome that support significant alterations to metabolic and immune response pathways, particularly those influential in DNA damage response indicating radiation\u2010induced immune modulation. Selection scans across genes within the blood transcriptome revealed multiple regions of accelerated Chornobyl\u2010specific divergence at loci with known roles in immunity and response to oncogenesis. Together, these data provide evidence that chronic exposure to ionising radiation may be a significant source of ongoing natural selection in an apex predator after a single contamination event, highlighting multigenerational impacts beyond initial exposure. Further, these results highlight the potential contributions of natural selection to species persistence and proliferation in highly contaminated ecosystems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:23:57Z","timestamp":1777386237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Signatures of Radiation\u2010Induced Stress and Putative Selection on Immune Targets in Chornobyl Wolves"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1562-7055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara N.","family":"Love","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University  Princeton New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Odum School University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"},{"name":"Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia  Aiken South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey L.","family":"Lance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia  Aiken South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Hinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental Radioactivity Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)  \u00c5s Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Radioactivity Fukushima University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Rochette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University  Princeton New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Beasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia  Aiken South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Warnell School of Forestry &amp; Natural Resources  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Shamovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sosnovy Bor  Vitebsk Region Belarus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Nadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genomics and Proteomics University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia  Aiken South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Warnell School of Forestry &amp; Natural Resources  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane C.","family":"Campbell\u2010Staton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University  Princeton New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu638"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2009.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2009.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","unstructured":"Andrews S.2010.\u201cFastQC: A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data.\u201dhttp:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","unstructured":"Barnthouse L. 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