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The leaffooted bug\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Leptoglossus zonatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (Coreidae) acquires its\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Burkholderiaceae) bacterial symbiont from the environment, presumably from local soil. Despite large contributions to the bug's fitness, young nymphs must re\u2010acquire the symbiont every generation. To understand how the environmental reservoir of symbiont lineages shapes the insect's biology, we examined the role of space and time in the distribution of\n                    <jats:italic>Burkholderia sensu lato<\/jats:italic>\n                    (including\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) strains in bugs and soils. We compared samples within trees, within plots, within cities and among different cities in the Southwest USA. We also sampled\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. zonatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    within a pomegranate orchard over 2\u2009years. We found high\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    diversity both in soils (32 lineages) and in bugs (29 lineages).\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    lineages were spatially structured among soils and bugs, with fewer shared as distance between samples increased. Where a bug develops, therefore, influences the symbiont strain it acquires, consistent with a process of passive spatial turnover. Also, while some\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    subclade frequencies in bugs approximated frequencies in soils, the Coreiodea\u2010associated subclade of\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (SBE\ud835\udeff) was enriched in bugs. There was only slight turnover of strains in insects over time, suggesting that geographic variation is much more important than temporal change. Ultimately, understanding how symbiont strains of varying local benefit are distributed in space and time will help us predict how geography and seasonality are related to host fitness in environmentally acquired symbioses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:16:42Z","timestamp":1785154602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatial and Temporal Structure of Environmentally\u2010Acquired\n                    <i>Caballeronia<\/i>\n                    Symbionts of a Leaffooted Bug"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4974-4804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Ravenscraft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Texas at Arlington  Arlington Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne E.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Haviland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Cooperative Extension, Kern County  Bakersfield California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnathan E.","family":"Adamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Texas at Arlington  Arlington Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha S.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acevedo T. S. G. P.Fricker J. R.Garcia et\u00a0al.2021.\u201cThe Importance of Environmentally\u2010Acquired Bacterial Symbionts for the Squash Bug (Anasa tristis) a Significant Agricultural Pest.\u201dbioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.07.14.452367"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Geobiologie of Inleiding Tot de Milieukunde (In Dutch)","author":"Baas\u2010Becking L.","year":"1934"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Evolution of Sex Determining Mechanisms","author":"Bull J. 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