{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:07:17Z","timestamp":1789574837332,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024083","name":"Royal Society for the Protection of Birds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001293","name":"Natural England","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001293","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019151","name":"NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NBAF873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NBAF873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Understanding transmission routes of parasites and pathogens is critical for the development of control measures and mitigation of impacts on host populations.\n                    <jats:italic>Trichomonas gallinae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a widespread parasite in columbids worldwide, and has emerged as a lethal disease in passerines, particularly finches. The postulated transmission route from columbids to passerines via spillover at shared resources has not yet been empirically tested. Here, we screen 363 birds (261 columbids and 102 non\u2010columbids) in the UK and France for the presence and strain identity of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gallinae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To quantify potential environmental transmission, we also screened 51 food and water resources common in farmland, at 12 sites over a 2\u2010year period. We isolated\n                    <jats:italic>T. gallinae<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites from 79% of columbids, 36% of non\u2010columbids, and 39% of environmental resources. Prevalence of the Type A strain was more than double in birds sampled at fed sites compared to those at unfed sites. Strain composition was mirrored in columbids, passerines, and shared food and water resources, providing compelling evidence that\n                    <jats:italic>T. gallinae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , especially the Type A strain, is transmitted via these shared resources.\n                    <jats:italic>T. gallinae<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated from high density feeding resources (where supplementary food was provided) nearly three times as often as low density resources (natural areas of seed\u2010providing vegetation), meaning that careful management of supplementary resources has the potential to reduce\n                    <jats:italic>T. gallinae<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence in wild bird populations. Further work needs to test practical means of achieving this, but ensuring any supplementary feeding is provided at low density is likely to be critical to reducing parasite transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T08:02:32Z","timestamp":1788508952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiple Strains of\n                    <i>Trichomonas gallinae<\/i>\n                    are Widespread in Reservoir Hosts and Environmental Resources in\n                    <scp>UK<\/scp>\n                    Farmland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0570-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology University of Leeds  Leeds UK"},{"name":"NERC Environmental Omics Facility (NEOF) School of BioSciences, Western Bank  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6277-2781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny C.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology University of Leeds  Leeds UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences Keele University  Newcastle\u2010under\u2010Lyme UK"},{"name":"RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, the Lodge  Sandy UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-105X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Hipperson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NERC Environmental Omics Facility (NEOF) School of BioSciences, Western Bank  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony J.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, the Lodge  Sandy UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip V.","family":"Grice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural England  Peterborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith C.","family":"Hamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4118-8575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon J.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086-64.2.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013002096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12428"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.3.590"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00063657.2021.1922356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"BTO 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Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.70520","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mec.70520","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.70520","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:21:55Z","timestamp":1789572115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mec.70520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mec.70520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.70520","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1083","1365-294X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1083","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-294X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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