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Here, we investigate the geographic variation in reproductive organ growth in the self\u2010fertilising species\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , where the loss of pollinator dependence is predicted to favour reduced floral investment through resource reallocation. We find extensive variation in flower size underpinned by a polygenic architecture, in which derived alleles both increase or decrease petal size and show signatures of positive selection. Nevertheless, the evolutionary direction of flower size differs across geographic regions, reflecting environmentally mediated shifts in the relationship between flower size and seed production. Purifying selection favours small flowers at the climatic margins of the species, but is relaxed in more suitable habitats allowing the emergence and persistence of both small and large\u2010flower variants. This biogeographic pattern extends to other life\u2010history traits, highlighting how environmental heterogeneity and constraints shape evolutionary trajectories and maintain phenotypic diversity in selfing lineages.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:31:31Z","timestamp":1787909491000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Local Trade\u2010Offs Shape Flower Size Evolution Across\n                    <i>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/i>\n                    Distribution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7364-1341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Sartori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology Swedish University of Agricultural, Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology  Uppsala 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