{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:07:18Z","timestamp":1789574838345,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003151","name":"Nature et technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["298356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["298356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004489","name":"Mitacs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT25595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT25595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The evolution of genotypic parallelism under shared environmental conditions provides strong evidence for the role of natural selection. However, analyses typically examine genomic signatures of selection long after the putative selection event and only assess the repeatability of responses across spatial population replicates. This impedes our ability to attribute a particular response to a given selection pressure and to distinguish non\u2010parallel responses caused by stochastic processes from those caused by local selection. As such, the consistency of natural selection over space and time is unknown, and the role of persistent local selection pressures is unclear. Here, we leveraged the natural bar\u2010built estuary system of Santa Cruz, California, to examine the repeatability of seasonal genomic change in threespine stickleback (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Gasterosteus aculeatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) over space and time. By comparing allele\u2010frequency shifts that are shared across locations (spatial repeatability) with those that are shared across years within locations (temporal repeatability), we identified both spatially shared and local components of putative selection. We found that repeated seasonal outlier responses occurred more often than expected under a neutral null model. Although repeatability declined as the number of estuaries sharing an outlier increased, enrichment above neutral expectations increased with broader spatial sharing, particularly for outliers repeated across both years. While the precise outlier SNPs varied across years, estuary\u2010specific patterns of responses were broadly consistent, suggesting an important role for local conditions. Together, our findings show that temporal sampling can reveal components of putative selection that would be missed from spatial comparisons alone. More broadly, they highlight the importance of examining repeatability over both space and time to understand the parallel and non\u2010parallel components of adaptive genomic change.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:47:06Z","timestamp":1788587226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Spatial and Temporal Repeatability of Genomic Responses to Natural Selection as Demonstrated in Stickleback Populations Experiencing Highly Dynamic Environments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6142-1530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Kathleen","family":"Hickox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Redpath Museum McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9997-4934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben A.","family":"Wasserman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California  Santa Cruz California USA"},{"name":"Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife  Dover Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2093-4041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Garcia\u2010Elfring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Redpath Museum McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5496-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric P.","family":"Palkovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California  Santa Cruz California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4807-6667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Hendry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Redpath Museum McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3044-2531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rowan D. H.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Redpath Museum McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Andrews S.2010.\u201cBabraham Bioinformatics\u2014FastQC A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data [Computer Software].\u201dhttps:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.00554"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576\u2010020\u20100250\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav3824"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.117.300610"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237\u2010015\u20100030\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL037025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2013.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/evlett\/qraf008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004775"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420\u20109101.2008.01583.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2022713118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010ecolsys\u2010110617\u2010062240"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237\u2010021\u201001019\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"Broad Institute.2019.\u201cPicard Toolkit. 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M. W. H.Satterthwaite A.\u2010M. K.Osterback andS. A. S. A.Hayes.2016.\u201cSteelhead Abundance in Seasonally Closed Estuaries Estimated Using Mark Recapture Methods. 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W.Chang L.Henry et\u00a0al.2016.\u201cggplot2: Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics (Version 3.5.1) [Computer Software].\u201dhttps:\/\/cran.r\u2010project.org\/web\/packages\/ggplot2\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/682405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyab134"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac201"}],"container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.70528","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mec.70528","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mec.70528","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:22:36Z","timestamp":1789572156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mec.70528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mec.70528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.70528","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1083","1365-294X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1083","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-294X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70528"}}