{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:39:14Z","timestamp":1792651154975,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["343356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["343356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["370040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["370040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/V01451X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/V01451X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101069216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101069216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Variation in warning colouration is common, despite strong positive frequency\u2010dependent selection favouring the most common morph and may arise from spatially or temporally variable selection or associations with other traits. We investigated the maintenance of warning colour variation in the wood tiger moth,\n                    <jats:italic>Arctia plantaginis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which shows sexual dimorphism in colouration: two distinct male morphs controlled by a single locus, and continuous variation in female hindwing colour and larval warning signal size. Using whole\u2010genome sequencing of 657 individuals from a laboratory stock derived from a wild polymorphic population, we examined the genetic basis of multiple life\u2010history traits, chemical defence, pheromones and male activity. We specifically tested for associations with male colour and aimed to identify the genetic basis of female and larval colour variation. We detected separate major\u2010effect loci for female colour and larval signal size, which were different from the male colour locus. Hindwing melanism was the only trait associated with male colour, mapping to a nearby major\u2010effect locus and showing a link to reduced activity at higher temperatures. Female colour was phenotypically correlated with pheromone amount. However, apart from melanism, none of the traits measured showed an association with any of the loci controlling warning colours and we found no evidence that male colour is part of a \u2018supergene\u2019 or complex co\u2010adapted phenotype. Instead, our results indicate largely independent genetic architectures for warning colours, suggesting that variable selection rather than genetic associations may contribute to the maintenance of colour polymorphisms in this species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.70602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:53:15Z","timestamp":1792648395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Independent Major\u2010Effect Loci and Limited Trait Associations Characterize Warning Colour Variation Across Sexes and Life Stages in the Wood Tiger Moth (\n                    <i>Arctia plantaginis<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8366-4897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva L.","family":"Koch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health &amp; Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3089-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie N.","family":"Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingguang Frank","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Ku\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7653-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Ottocento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'\u00e9cologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 (UPC), Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil (UPEC)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9659-4883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"De Pasqual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6204-8120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eetu","family":"Selenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0278-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ossi","family":"Nokelainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3938-1798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan A.","family":"Galarza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9561-5950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Winters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7809-062X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris D.","family":"Jiggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1117-5629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Mappes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658177","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.658177","article-title":"Predator\u2010Induced Plasticity on Warning Signal and Larval Life\u2010History Traits of the Aposematic Wood Tiger Moth, Arctia Plantaginis","volume":"9","author":"Almeida D. 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