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These decisions may affect satisfaction with career choice, work\u2013life balance, and their ability to maintain\/improve clinical performance over time\u2014outcomes that can impact future wellness. Here, the authors introduce a decision\u2010making framework with the goal of improving our understanding of personal decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stemming from the business world, the Cynefin framework describes five decision\u2010making domains:\n                      <jats:italic>clear<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>complicated<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>complex<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>chaotic<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>confusion<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and a key inference of this framework is that decision\u2010making can be improved by first identifying the decision\u2010making domain. Personal decisions are largely complex\u2014so applying linear decision\u2010making strategies is unlikely to help in this domain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The available data suggest that the outcomes of personal decisions are suboptimal, and the authors propose three mechanisms to explain these findings: (1) Complex decision is susceptible to attribute substitution where we subconsciously trade these decisions for easier decisions; (2) predictions are prone to cognitive biases, such as assuming our situation will remain constant (linear projection fallacy), believing that accomplishing a goal will deliver lasting happiness (arrival bias), or overestimating benefits and underestimating costs of future tasks (planning fallacy); and (3) complex decisions have an inherently higher failure rate than complicated decisions because they are the result of an ongoing, dynamic person\u2010by\u2010situation interaction and, as such, have more time to fail and more ways to do so.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based upon their view that personal decisions are complex, the authors propose strategies to improve satisfaction with personal decisions, including increasing awareness of biases that may impact personal decisions. Recognising that the outcome of personal decisions can change over time, they also suggest additional interventions to manage these decisions, such as different forms of mentoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.15466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T07:14:04Z","timestamp":1718694844000},"page":"1042-1048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Personal career decisions during medical training are not complicated, they are complex"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Lea Lea","family":"Harper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Postgraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8075-2637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janeve","family":"Desy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9855-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Postgraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Weeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3092-5325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Prejudices: second series","author":"Mencken HL","year":"1920"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640211032259"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"The paradox of story: simplicity and complexity in strategy scenario and strategy","volume":"1","author":"Snowden D","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plan Theory"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.423.0462"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","article-title":"A leader's framework for decision\u2010making","volume":"85","author":"Snowden DJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Harv Bus Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978\u20100\u20107506\u20107655\u20107.50013\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Emergence: complexity and organisation","author":"O'Neill LJ","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/job.414"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2016.1198821"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102753.2008.01011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2010295X.110.2.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022\u20103514.47.3.580"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"An overview of chronic disease models: a systematic literature review","volume":"7","author":"Grover A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Global J Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010007\u20100316\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459\u2010023\u201010241\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.109\u20105704"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"Colleges. 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