{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:53:01Z","timestamp":1790923981128,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Education"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Truman Lee Kelley helped reorient educational assessment towards validity, with contemporary validity theories positioning validity in the interpretations and decisions made from assessment scores. Despite these advances, Indigenous principles remain largely absent from contemporary validity theory in health professions education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We propose a new approach to assessment validation relevant to a M\u0101ori\u2010centred conceptualisation of validity that integrates measurement theory with tika (appropriateness), pono (integrity) and mana (consequences), underpinned by whanaungatanga (relationship), whakapapa (contextual history) and m\u0101tauranga M\u0101ori (M\u0101ori knowledge).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a M\u0101ori\u2010centred qualitative narrative inquiry grounded in w\u0101nanga (collective discussion), M\u0101ori and Pacific health professions educators met to discuss how cultural identity shaped our teaching practice and approaches to assessment. These k\u014drero (discussions) were guided by tikanga\u2010based (M\u0101ori cultural practices) protocols, recorded, transcribed and thematically organised under the principles that emerged through these discussions: tika, pono and mana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three interconnected principles emerged. Tika was concerned with the appropriateness of assessment tasks and criteria in relation to their purpose and context; pono emphasised authentic and trustworthy interpretation through collective judgement, culturally safe moderation and equitable assessment practices, and mana highlighted the dignity, authority and relational responsibility of assessment decisions for learners, wh\u0101nau (family) and communities, including tensions with institutional policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Framework<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We extend Kane's argument\u2010based model by embedding M\u0101ori\u2010centred Pou (pillars grounded in M\u0101ori values) as warrants (justifications) and incorporating relational accountability and community legitimacy as additional lenses through which validity claims are scrutinised. This conceptual framework proposes that assessment design should define constructs through M\u0101ori values and priorities, interpretation should include evidence of cultural safety and equity and governance should support M\u0101ori authority through Te Tiriti o Waitangi\u2010aligned co\u2010leadership and data sovereignty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A M\u0101ori\u2010centred conceptualisation of validity reframes defensibility as relational, ethical and technical, recognising M\u0101ori authority, community legitimacy and accountability to learners, wh\u0101nau and communities in assessment validation while aligning assessment with Te Tiriti o Waitangi and Indigenous aspirations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.70330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:55:09Z","timestamp":1790920509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rethinking validity in medical education: A M\u0101ori\u2010centred framework 100\u2009years on"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5635-6212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran","family":"Kewene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Te Puna School of Health Te Herenga Waka Victoria University  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4336-0319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rochelle","family":"Ellison\u2010Lupena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Te Puna School of Health Te Herenga Waka Victoria University  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7696-7280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Te Puna School of Health Te Herenga Waka Victoria University  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Te Puna School of Health Te Herenga Waka Victoria University  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2851-341X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliitasi","family":"Su'a\u2010Tavila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Te Puna School of Health Te Herenga Waka Victoria University  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Interpretation of educational measurements","author":"Kelley TL","year":"1927"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S139492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459\u2010016\u20109716\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/pme.1150"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Educational measurement","author":"Messick S","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.112.3.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Standards for educational and psychological testing","author":"American Educational Research Association","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07794-9","volume-title":"Validity and validation in social, behavioral, and health sciences","author":"Zumbo BD","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36834\/cmej.77727"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.15452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62547\/OSPE4785"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33137\/tijih.v1i4.41128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ev.20331"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anzjph.2024.100132","article-title":"What we do matters: supporting anti\u2010racism and decolonisation of public health teaching","volume":"48","author":"Veenstra N","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific.Features of culturally responsive assessment for Indigenous students. Institute of Education Sciences; 2025. Accessed February 14 2026.https:\/\/ies.ed.gov\/rel-pacific\/2025\/01\/features-culturally-responsive-assessments-indigenous-students"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Self\u2010determination from a Pacific perspective","volume":"40","author":"Ewalt PL","year":"1995","journal-title":"Soc Work"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Hauora: report on stage one of the health services and outcomes Kaupapa inquiry (WAI 2575)","author":"Waitangi Tribunal","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","volume-title":"M\u0101ori hauora \u0101\u2010iwi competencies: M\u0101ori public health competencies","author":"Crengle S","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2023.2246404"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18584\/iipj.2024.15.2.15485"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Te Tiriti\u2010based practice in health promotion","volume":"32","author":"Kidd J","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Promot J Austr"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2021.701973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","volume-title":"Decolonizing methodologies: research and indigenous peoples","author":"Smith LT","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The ongoing quest for culturally valid assessment","volume":"43","author":"Trumbull E","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Res Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337\u2010024\u201001179\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20109566.13736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1177180120968580"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1177083X.2025.2455165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874\u2010020\u201000959\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.12678"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","volume-title":"Guidance on cultural safety and indigenous data governance","author":"Canadian Institute for Health Information","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","volume-title":"Assessment implementation toolkit: guidelines for the development of indigenous studies, cultural safety and anti\u2010racism assessment in medical education","author":"National Consortium for Indigenous Medical Education","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0969594X.2020.1843136"}],"container-title":["Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/medu.70330","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/medu.70330","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/medu.70330","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:55:18Z","timestamp":1790920518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/medu.70330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/medu.70330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/medu.70330","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0308-0110","1365-2923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0308-0110","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"medu.70330"}}