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As lesions develop, they acquire a pathologic microcirculation that perpetuates lesion progression, both by providing a means for further monocyte and T\u2010lymphocyte recruitment into the arterial wall and by the physical and chemical stresses caused by micro\u2010hemorrhage. This review summarizes work performed in our department investigating the roles of signaling pathways, alone and in combination, that lead to specific programs of gene expression in the atherosclerotic environment. Focusing particularly on cytoprotective responses that might be enhanced therapeutically, the work has encompassed the anti\u2010inflammatory effects of arterial laminar shear stress, mechanisms of induction of membrane inhibitors that prevent complement\u2010mediated injury, homeostatic macrophage responses to hemorrhage, and the transcriptional mechanisms that control the stability, survival, and quiescence of endothelial monolayers. Lastly, while the field has been dominated by investigation into the mechanisms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> transcription, we consider the importance of parallel post\u2010transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for fine\u2010tuning functional gene expression repertoires.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,2]],"date-time":"2012-11-02T15:26:05Z","timestamp":1351869965000},"page":"203-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cytoprotective Signaling and Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells and Macrophages\u2014Lessons for Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Dorian O.","family":"Haskard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Science Section National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College Hammersmith Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Science Section National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College Hammersmith Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Science Section National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College Hammersmith Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin. 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